BBADFOBD. 401 BKADLEY. Philadelphia the first printing-press in the Mid- dle Colonies, anil in 1(190 he. with two olliers, built a paperinill on the Seluiylkill. In lli'Jl he was arresleil and tried hy the anthorities for 'seditious libel,' and tliouj;li the jury refused to convict, his press an3). BBADFORD, Vii,i.iam (1827-02). An American marine painter; born of Quaker par- ents, at New Bedford, Mass. He was educated for business, but developed a talent for painting. Several voyages along the coast of New England and northward as far as Greenland furnished him with suggestions for some of his best pic- tures, among which are "Steamer Panther Among Icebergs and Field-Ice in Melville Bay, Under the Light of the Midnight Sun:" "A Stiti" Breeze in the Harbor of Eastport;" "A Squall in the Bay of Fundy:" "The Coast of Labrador;" "Crushed by Icebergs;" "Arctic Wreckers;" and "Sunset in the North." BBAIVFORD-ON-A'VON (AS. Bradanford, from brad, broad -j- ford, ford). A market- town in Wiltshire, England, on the Avon, and on the Kennet and Avon Canal, (i miles east-southeast of Bath, and 29 miles northwest of Salisbury (ilap: England, D 5). The Avon, which is crossed by two bridges, divides the town into the old and new. The small Church of Saint Law- rence is one of the few examples of Saxon archi- tectui"e in England. It was founded by Saint Aldhelm in the Seventh Century. The town has been noted for many centuries for its manufac- ture of fine broadcloths. Kersevmeres were first made here. Population, in 1891, 4943; in 1901, 4514. BBADLATJGH, brad'l.^, Chables (1833-91), An English radical politician and social re- former. He was born in London, September 26, 1833. His early education was meagre, for he had to support himself, at times by running er- rands. At the age of 17 he enlisted in the army. He secured his discharge in 1853, became clerk to a London solicitor, and soon was noted as an agitator, free-thought lecturer, and as a pam- phleteer under the name of 'Iconoclast.' He pub- lished the National Ueformer. In 1873 he made a short visit to the United States, lecturing in the larger cities. In 1870, with Mrs. Annie Hesant, lie was sentenced to six months' imprisonment and £200 fine for republishing the JIalthusian Fruits of I'hil<isojihii. but the conviction was quaslii'd on appeal. KIccted member of Parlia- ment for Norlham|)ton in 1880, he pleaded that as an atheist he hail the right to aflirm, but when this request was denied, expressed his wil- llngnes.s to take the oath. This the House de- cided he was disqualified from doing: he was ordered to leave, and on his refusal was placed in custody. His seat was declared vacant by the court to which the case was carried. But his constituency returned him in 1881; he presented himself, was again denied the jirivilege of taking the oath, and on his refusal to leave the House was forcibly ejected. Similar scenes occurred at the proroguing of Parliament in 1882 and 1883, and in the latter year Hradlaugh won a suit which he brought again.st the sergeant-at-arms for unlawful ejection. The case, however, was decided on teclinical grounds, and the invalidity of his title to a scat in the House was reatfirmed. In 1885 he was again returned for Northampton, and was permitted to take the oath, and shortly before his death, January 30, 1891, Parliament expunged from its records the resolution for- bidding liiiii to take the oaths. Of his writings, The Iniixdelnnent of the House of Brunswick (Boston, 1875) attained the greatest popularity. It advocated the repeal of the Hanoverian settle- ment of the crown at the Queen's death. See his life by his daughter, Mrs. Bonner, and J. M. Roliertsim (1894). BBAD'LEY, Edward {Cuthhert Bede) (1827- 89). An English author. He was born at Kid- derminster; graduated in 1848 at Durham Uni- versity; was consecrated a priest of the Estab- lished Church, and was rector of Denton, Stretton (1871-83), and Lenton. He contributed to peri- odicals, and wrote numerous volumes both of prose and verse, of which the best known is The Adrentures of Verdant Green (1853-57), a hu- morous story of life at Oxford. BRADLEY, George Granville (1821-1903). An English clergyman. He was educated at Rugby and Oxford, served as assistant master at Rugby, became head-master of Marlborough College in 1858, and was ordained in the same .year. He was honorary chaplain to the Queen from 1874 to 1876, and succeeded Dean Stanley as Dean of Westminster, in 1881. Among his ])ublications are ReeoUcetions of Arthur Penrhyn Stanley (1882) ; Lectures on Ecclesiastes {1885} ; and Lectures on Job (1887). BRADLEY, Hen-ry (1845—). An English scholar. He was born in Jfanchester, December 3, 1845; was educated at Chesterfield Grammar School ; spent some time in teaching and was employed as clerk and foreign corresiiondent at Sheflield till 1884. when he went to London. Bradley has contributed to periodicals and encyclopipdias, and edited or revised several l)hilological works. In 1889 he became one of the editors of the great Oxford English Dic- tionary. BBADLEY, .James (1693-1762). An English astronomer. He was born at Sherbourn in Gloucestershire and was educated at Oxford. Afterwards he studied with his uncle, the Rev. James Pound, who was at that time one of the liest astronomers in England. In 1721 he was appointed to the Savilian chair of astronomy at Oxford University. In 1729, after repeated ob- servations, he announced his important discovery of the aberration of light. The theory advanced by Bradley to e.i)lain this coniiilcx phenomenon has remained practically unchanged. (See .-liKuii.- TION, Si'iiKitioAL. ) In 1742 Bradley, who had been styled by Newton "the best astronomer in Europe,' was appointed Astronomer Royal and entered ujion a career of gieat activity at Greenwich, Sev- eral years afterwards he discovered nutation, or the incuuntancy of the inclination i)f the earth's axis
