BBAZIL. 438 BRAZILWOOD. Moraes on November 5th of the same year re- sulted in the discovery of an important plot against the existing Govennnent, which imme- diately collapsed. In iliwch, 1898, Dr. Campos Salles, who had long been an active participant in the republican political propaganda, was elect- ed President and quietly instnlled. BinLioGRAPHY. W'appihis, Hnndbuch der Geo- grnphie und Statistik dcis Kaiscrrcichs Brasilien (Leipzig, 1871); Jlulhall, Uandbook of Brazil (Buenos Ayres, 1873); Levasseur, Le Brisil (Paris, 18S9) ; Fletcher and Kidder, Braxil and the Brazilians (London, 1880) ; Child. The Span- ish-Americati Republics (New York, 1891); Hartt, Geology and Physical Geography of Brazil (Boston, 1870) ; Derby. "Physische Geograpliie und (ieologie von Braailien," in Mitteilungen der geographischen Gescllschaft zu Jena, Vol. V. (Jena, 1886) ; Liais, Climat, geologie, faune et giographie botanigiie du Bresil (Paris, 1872) ; Martius, Eichler, and Urban, Flora Brasiliensis (JIunicli, 1897) ; Carapcbus, Xotices sur les res- sources minerales du Bresil (Paris, 1885) ; Wells, Exploring und Traveling Three Thousand Miles Through Brazil (Philadelphia. 188G) ; Andrews, Brazil, Its Conditions and Prospects (New York, 1891); Schanz. Das heutige Brasilien, Land, Leute tind wirthschaftliehe Yerhaltnisse (Ham- burg, 1893) ; Still, "Brazilian Position and Pros- pects," in The Journal of Finance. Vol. III. (Lon- don, 1898) ; Constatt, Das republikanische Bra- silien, in Vergangenheit und Gegenuart (Leip- zig, 1889) ; Lamberg, Bi-asilicn, Land und Leute in ethnischer, politischer und volks- wirthschaftlicher Beziehung und Eyiticickelung (Leipzig, 1899), based upon twenty years' study and sojourn in Brazil ; The United States of Brazil: A Geographical liketch, icith Special Reference to Economic Conditions and Prospects of Future Development, Bureau of the American Republics (Washington, 1901); Santa-Anna Ni'ry, The Land of the Amazons, trans, by Hunii')liry (New York, 1901), eon- tains numerous l)ibliographieal references. Much valuable information may also be derived from Revista trimensnl de historia e geographia, pub- lished liy the Institute) historico, geographico e ctnogrnphico do Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, 1839, et seq. ) . For a standard history in Kuglish. consult: Southey, History of Brazil (London, 1810-10) ; continued by Armitage (London. 1836), whose work covers" the period of the Braganza family's residence in America; for an authoritative gen- eral work in Portuguese, Varuhagen, Historia geral do Brazil (Rio de .Janeiro, 1855); and "for Brazil in the Nineteenth Century, Da Silva, Historia do fundaqno do imperio braziliero (5 vols.. Rio de Janeiro. 1804-82) : for an ac- count of the fall of the Empire and the rise of the Republic, Fialho. Historia d'estahelecimento da repuhlica dos Estados Unidos do Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, 1890). BRAZIL'. A city and railroad centre, the county-seat of Clay County, Ind., 57 miles west- southwest of Indianapolis', 07i the Chicago and Eastern Illinois, the Chicago and Southeastern, the Evansville and Indianapolis, and Terre Haute and Indianapolis railroads (Map: Indi- ana, B 3). Block-coal mines in the vicinity are the field of the chief industry. The city has also manufactures of mining engines .and ma- chinery, tile, sewer-pipe, pumps, and brick. An inexhaustible supply of clay and shales of su- perior quality opens up possibilities for an im- mense trade in clay products, the mainifacture of which is already considerable. Brazil owns and operates its water- works, and has a public library. Settled in 1856, it was first incor- porated in 1873. Under the present charter, Brazil is governed by a mayor, elected every four years, and a citv council. Population, in 1890, 5005; in 1900, 778G. BRAZIL, Isi.AXD OF. See MYTmc.vt Isla.nds. BBAZIL CABBAGE (so called on aecoimt of its southern origin), or Ciiou CaR:Mhe iCula- dium sugittifolium, or Xanthosoma sagittifolia) . A plant of tlic natural order Aracea", and native of the West Indies. It is now in common culli- vation throughout the tropics. The rhizomes are rich in starch., and form an important source of food in the regions where it is culti- vated: the leaves are also boiled and used as 'greens.' Both root and leaves are almost en- tirely destitute of the acridity so generally characteristic of the order. BRAZTLET'TO-WOOD. See Brazilwood. BRAZILIAN GRASS. An incorrect name applied to a substance used in the manufacture of a cheap kind of hats^ known as Brazilian gi'ass hats and also as chip hats. It consists of strips of leaves of a palm {Cliama-rops argen-
- ea), which are imported to Great Britain and
elsewhere for this manufacture, .chiefly from Cuba. See Ciiam.kroi'.s. BRAZILIAN PLUM. See Hog Pujm. BRAZILNTJTS, CREAM-NrTS, or Nigger- ToE.s. Seeds of Bertholletia excelsa, a majestic and beautiful tree of the natural order Myr- tacete. This tree grows to the height of 100 or 120 feet, and abounds on the banks of the Orinoco and in the northern parts of Brazil. It produces a round, woody pericarp, or seed- vessel, almost as large as a man's head, within which are many of the seeds, or nuts. The pericarp is very heavy and solid, requiring the blow of a sledge-hammer to break it; when ready to fall it is dangerous, on account of its weight, to walk under the tree. The seeds, which are ])opularly called nuts, vary from eighteen to twenty-four, and are wrinkled and triangular, having a hard shell and a pure-white kernel, which when fresh is very agreeable. They are chiefly exported from Parii and French Guiana, and are well known in stores. They yield a large quantity of oil, which is good for burning. The nuts or seeds of the monkey-pot tree, or Lecythis Ollaria. are produced in a pericarp which resembles a rusty iron pot with a lid, the lid dropping olT and letting out the seeds, which are oblong, grooved, and esteemed of a quality very superior to the common Brazil- nut. They are sometimes known as Sapicaia mits, but "they have not yet become an article of commerce, as the trees grow chiefly in the- interior parts of the country. See accompanying Plate, and also Plate of Bkeaofkuit, etc. BRAZILWOOD. . dark-rej or yellowish- bruwn ilyc-wood. which forms a considerable article of exjjort from Brazil, where some of the trees which yield it are very abundant. It is the jiroduct 'of different sjiccies of (':cs;ilpinia. The best kinds are those called Pernaiiibuco wood, M Saints' wood, and Saint Martlia wood.
