BUCHNER. 605 BUCK-BEAN. he demonstrated the resistance oflfered by the physical organism to microscoiiic bodies pres- ent in states of ulceration, intlamniation. and fever: and in IS'.lO sliowcd this resistance directly to dejiend upon the presence in the blood-serum of certain clearly defined albuminous substances. BtrCHNER, ".ToiiANN Andreas (1783-1852). A German pliarniacist. born in Munich. He studied pharmacy under Tronimsdorff in Erfurt, and in ISIS was appointed professor of pharmacy, toxicology, and the theory of prescription at the University of I.andshut. This chair he retained upon the transfer of the universitj- to Munich in 1820. In 1827 he became a member of the Bava- rian Academy of Sciences. From 1815 to ISol he published 110 vohmies of his Rcportoriutn fiir Pharmacie, then the most widely circulated periodical of the sort in Germany, and in 1815- 18 edited the Aiizeiger fiir Kunst und Gewerb- fleiss in liayern. He discovered saliein and ber- berine (qq.v.), and by his writings greatly aided in the establishment of pharmacy upon a scien- tific basis. His chief publication was the un- completed Inbegriff der Pharmacie (1821.3(5), to which other scientists contributed, and for which he himself wrote an Einleitung in die Pharmacie (1821): Toxikologie (1822); Grundriss der ]'hiisil{ ah Vorbereitung zur Chemie (1823) ; and Gr»»'/ri.-s der Chemie (1830-36). BUCHON, bu'shoN', Jean Alexandre (1791- 1846). A French historian, born at Menetou- Salon (Cher) . After extensive travels for the col- lection of material, he published, in 1824-2G, his edition of the Chroiiiques de Froissart ( 15 vols.) , a portion of his Collection des chroniqnes »io- lionales francaises cc^■ites en langue wlgaire du Xllle au XYIe siecle (47 vols.. 1824-29). In addition to some volumes of travel, such as La Gri'ce continentale et la Moree (1843), his works include Chroniques etrangeres relatives ttux expeditions frangaises pendant le Xllle siecle (1840), Esquisse de.i principaiix faits de nos annales natiunales du Xllle au XVIIe siecle (1840), and Xouvelles recherches historiques sur la principaute frangaise de Moree (1845). BUCHSWEILER, booGs'vi'ler. The capital of a canton in German Alsace, 20 miles north- vest of Strassburg. It was the ancient capital of the 'Hanauer Liindschen,' part of Hesse-Darm- stadt, prior to the French Revolution. It has some fine media>val residences and public Iniild- ings, including the Rathaus and the gymnasium. The curious Bastberg Hill, the scene where nu- merous legendary myths are laid, is noted for its lignite-mines and fossils. Population, in 1900. 3101. BUCHTA, booo'ta, Richard (1845.-94). An Austrian explorer, born in Radlow. Galicia. In 1877 he visited Khartum, where Chinese Gordon, then Governor-General, facilitated his journey to Emin Pasha at Lado. on the Upper Nile. In 1885 he made another tour through Egypt and journeyed through the desert to Fayum. He was a collaborator on the first volume of .Timker's celebrated work on Africa, and published the following interesting works : Die obern Xilliinder, etc.. with 160 photographic views (1881); Der Kiidan und der ilahdi. Das Land, die Bewohner utid der Auf stand (1884): Der Sudan unter iiggplisrhrr Ilerrschaft (1888). BUCHTEL (buk'tr!) COLLEGE (after .Tohn R. Buchtel, who gave it in aggregate about $500,- 000). A college founded by the Universalist State Convention of Ohio. It was opened at Akron, Ohio, in 1872. In 1901 the endowment was $1.50,000, and the value of the college build- ings and grounds, $150,000. At this time the faculty numbered 17, and the students 282, of wlicim 92 were in the collegiate department. BUCK, Carl Darling (1860 — ). An Ameri- can comparative philologist, born in Bucksport, Maine, October 2, 1866. He received the degrees of A.B., 1886, Ph.D., 1889. at Yale University. He is the author of Vokalisnius der oskischen Uprache (1892); The Oscan-Umbriun ^'erb Sys- tem (1895) ; joint author (with V. G. Hale) of J:atin Grammar (1902); and a contributor to Vol. V. of the Papers of the American School of Classical Studies (Athens), American Journal of Philology, etc. BUCK, Charles (1771-1815). An English independent minister. He is remembered for his Collection of Anecdotes (1799), and especially for his Theological Dictionary (2 vols., London, 1802), which was once one of the most widely used of religious reference books and repeatedly republished and reprinted in England and Amer- ica. At the time of his death he was pastor in London. BUCK, Dudley (1839 — ). An American or- ganist and composer, born in Hartford. Conn., March 10. 1839. A commercial career was chosen for him, but he early showed such aptitude for music that his father allowed him to leave col- lege, 1858, in order to prosecute his musical stud- ies at the Leipzig Conservatory, under Richter, Hauptmann, and Rietz. Returning to the United States, 1862, he soon became noted as a musical leader, composer, and organist. He furnished the music for Lanier's cantata, sung at the opening of the Centennial exhibition. Philadelphia, 1876, and gained tlie prize of $1000 ofi'ered by the Cin- cinnati Musical Festival of 1880 for the best cantata, choosing Longfellow's Golden Legend as his text. His works include other cantatas, among them King Olaf's Christmas; Voyage of Columbus; The Light of Asia; and the series of five cantatas entitled The Christian Year; the comic opera, Deseret; the symphonic overture, Marmion : and organ-music. BUCK-BEAN, or Marsh-Trefoil (Menyan- thcs Irifoliata). A plant of the natural order tientianaceae, the best-known species of its genus, widely distributed in all the colder parts of the Northern Hemisphere, and common in America. It has been de.seribed as 'perhaps the most beau- tiful' of all British plants. It grows in marshy places, its creeping rootstocks (or rhizomes) and densely matted roots often rendering boggy ground firm. The leaves are ternate, like those of the trefoils or clovers, and are supported on pretty long stalks. The flower-stalk, which is about a foot high, bears a compmind raceme of ten to twenty white flowers, externally tipped with red. The leaves are destitute of smell, i)ut very bitter. From them is jjrepared a valuable bitter extract, menyanthin, which has long been used in cases of d}'spepsia and disorders of the bowels, and which was also formerly employed in intermittent feters. .An infusion is also some- times used, and sometimes the dried and pow- dered leaves. The whole plant seems to possess the same bitter and tonic i)roperties. It is some- times used in Germany as a substitute for hops.
