BUCK-BEAN. 606 BUCKINGHAM. The rootstock, which is black and jointed, con- tains a considerable quantity of starch. For illustration, see Brazilnut. BUCKBOARD (probably so called because of its hiickiiiij or bouncing). A four-wheeled vehicle in which a loni; elastic board or platform is used in place of the ordinary body, springs, and gear. It is fi.Ked a.s a connection between the fore and rear axles, and may have one or more seats. It is thus the most simply constructed of any f(rar-wheeled vehicle. Buckboards were first used only in mountain districts where the roads are rugged, and were for a long time BUCEBOARD. rudely and simply built. When the Adirondack region and Mount Desert became fashionable resorts, the summer visitors to these places had the primitive buckboards reproduced in more elegant form >y carriage-buiklers, so that the buckboard now usually seen differs greatly from the Tnodel. being made in handsome woods of a light color, ash or hickory, with springs, silver mountings, and cushions of russet leather. BUCKEBURG, bi.ik'c-boorK. A garrison town, capital of Schaumburg-Lippe, northern Germany, 30 miles southwest of Hanover (Map: Germany, C 2). Its chief features are a ducal palace and castle, a Seventeenth Century Lu- theran church, and a fine park. Population, in 1900, .5(i32. BUCKET (origin uncertain). The name given in mechanics to the vanes of a water-wheel, or to the scoop of a dredge or of an elevator for han- dling grain, coal, etc. See Water - Wheel; Dredges: Grain-Elevator. Buckets for me- chanical purposes are made of wood, cast iron, and sheet steel or other metals. BUCKEYE. See Horse-Chestnut. BUCKEYE STATE. Ohio. See States, Popi L-R Names of. BUCK'HAM, Matthew Henry (1832—). An American e<UKator, born in I^eicestershire, Eng- land. He graduated at the University of Ver- mont in 18.51 : was appointed professor of Greek and became i)resident of the institution in 1871. BUCKHANNON, buk-iln'on. A town and county-seat of I'pshur County, W. Va., 40 miles south of Clarksburg, on the Buckhannim Kiver and on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (Map: West Virginia, D 3). It is the seat of the West Virginia Conference Seminary (co-educational) ; and has tlour. lumber, and woolen mills, tannery, etc. I'opulation, in 18!)0, 1403; in I'JOO, 1589. BUCKHOUND. See HouNn. BUCKIE. A seaport and police burgh of Bantl'sliire, Scotland, on the North Sea, near tlic entrance to the Moray Firtli. 13 mill's northeast of Elgin by rail. It has a tine Roman Catholic church with a painting of Saint Gregory by one of the Carracci. and there are numerous fine resi- dences in the vicinity. A good modern harbor ati'ords facilities for its fishing industries, which are the most imiiortant of the surrounding dis- trict, ropuhitioii. in ISnl, ■>S34 ; in 1!)01, 6541. BUCKINGHAM, buk'ing-um. Dikes of. See ViLLIEUH. BUCKINGHAM, .Tames Silk (1786-1855). An English traveler and editor. He was born in Flushing, near Falmouth, Cornwall, and at ten years of age went to sea. In 1818 he established the Calcutta Journal, which was a commercial success, but because of its strictures on the Indian Government was suppressed, while he, himself, was expelled from the Piesidency of Bengal. His lectures, on his return to England, against the East India Company's monopoly, and in su])port of opening the trade to China, tended greatly to direct pulilic attention to the sidiject. In London, he estal)lished the Oriental Herald in 1S24. and in 1828 the Athrnwum, now one of the leading weekly critical journals of England. Subsequently he traveled through the United States, and from 1832 to 1837 was a member of Parliament from Shcliield. He was projector and secretary of the British and Foreign Institute from 1843 to 1840, and president of the London Temperance League. He was the author of nu- merous works of travel on the Continent, in the East, and in America, and at the time of hia death was engaged on an Autobiofiraphy, two volumes of which were published (London, 1855). BUCKINGHAM. .Toseph Tinker (1770- 18(51). An Ameriran journalist. He was born in Connecticut, was bred a printer, and in 1800 went to Boston, where, six years later, he began The Polyanthus, a monthly magazine, which was soon suspended, but was resumed in 1812. In 1809 he published a weekly called The Ordeal; from 1817 to 1828 The Xew Enyland (lalaxy and Masonic Magazine; and during 1831-34 The New Enffland Mafiuzine. In 1824 he established the Boston Courier, of which he was editor until 1848. He published Specimens of Xeuspaper Literature, with Personal Memoirs, Anecdotes, and Rem iniseenees (IH50) , and Personal Memoirs and Recollections of Editorial Life (1852). BUCKINGHAM, William Alfred (1804- 75). An American politician, best known as the 'war Governor' of Connecticut. He was born in Lebanon, Conn. ; received a common-school edu- cation ; taught school: worked on his father's farm: and in 1825 began business for himself in Norwich, ultimately accumulating a consid- erable fortune as a dry-goods merchant and a manufacturer, first of carpets and afterwards of india-iaibber. He look an active interest in politics; was elected nuiyor of Norwich in 1849, 18.50. 18.50. and 18.57; and from 18.58 to 18G0, when he declined renomination, was Governor of Connecticut. His term thus included the ])eriod of the Civil War, and he became widely known as one of the ablest and most energetic of the 'war Governors,' actively upholding the Administration throughout, and exerting himself to the utn-.ost to raise and equip troops. In September, 1862, he wrote to the President, "This little State has already sent into the arniy. and has now at the rendezvous, more than one-half of her able-bodied men between the ages of 18 and 45 years, and has more to oiler if wanted;" and, largely owing to his influence,
