COLONNA. 163 COLONY. in some way a promise that Saint Michael will on the last day phice you, Jliehelangelo, on the right hand of Our Lord." Such is the strain in which they are couched. She spent about ten years in Naples and Ischia, often visiting Rome, where she constantly saw the sculptor. In 1541 she went to Orvicto, and then to Viterbo. Dur- ing her last visit to Eimie she was taken ill, and died in the Colonna Palace. Reginald Pole, the cardinals Contarini and Bembo, and Castiglione and Bernardo Tasso, were among her friends, and Charles V. came to visit her. Her intluence was felt throughout the first half of the sixteenth century, but she is better reniemliered for a kind of grace she gave that brilliant but brutal and coarse age than for the quality of her poetry. The second series of her poems, known as the Hime SpirifuaU, is better than the earlier one; all of tlicm liave been collected under the title Rime delhi divina Vittoria Colonna, and published a number of times. The best edition is that by Ercole Visconti (1840). Her letters have also been collected as Lettere inedite ed allri documenti rel<ttivi ai Colonnesi (1875); Alcune lettere inedite (1884); and Carteggio (1888). Consult: Saltini, Rime e lettere di ^ ittoria Colonna (Florence, 18G0) ; Reumont, Vittoria Colonna: Lehen, Diehtcn, Glauben im scr]i.::ehntrn Jahrhundert (Freiburg, 1881) ; Law- ley, Vittoria Colonna: A Study icith Transla- tions (London, 1889) ; Roscoe, ^'ittoria Colonna: Her Life and Poems (London, 1868). COLONNA, CAPE. See Cape Colonna. COLONNADE' (Fr., from It. colonnato, row of columns, from colonna, Lat. columna, col- umn). The name given to a series of columns placed at certain regular intervals in a row, according to the style and order of architecture employed. The term includes not merely the columns, but their superstructure, which must be a straight architrave. Where a row of col- umns similarly arranged supports a series of arches it is called an arcade (q.v.). COLON'NA PALACE. The palace of the Colonna family at Rome. It contains an impor- tant gallery of pictures, and has a beautiful gar- den containing remains of the Baths of Constan- tine. which occupied the site. COLONNE, ko'lon', Jitles Jude, called Ed- OUAKD (1838 — ). A French orchestra leader and violinist, born at Bordeaux. He was a pupil, while at the Conservatory in Paris, of Sauzai. Elwart, and Ambroise Thomas. After taking the prize in harmony, and the first prix de violon at the Conservatory, M. Colonne be- came first violin at the opera house, but gave that up in order to establish a series of Sunday concerts at the Odeon, known later as the Asso- ciation Artistique, He gave Paris its first hearing of works by Tschaikowsky, Greig, Wagner, and Raff, but his chief claim to dis- tinction is that he forced the French public to do justice to the genius of Berlioz. COLONNE DE LA GRANDE ARMEE, Ae la gr.iK diir'mft'. A Doric column near Boulogne, France, commemorating Napoleon's project of invading England and founding a republic there. It is 172 feet in height, and surmounted by a bronze statue of Napoleon. It was begun in 1804, but was not finished until 1841. COL'ONNETTE' (Fr., dim. of colonne, column). In architecture, a small column used more for decorative than constructive purposes. It is seldom found in ancient monuments, being a characteristic feature of the Middle Ages. The facades and apses of Tuscan churches (Pisa, Lucca), and the interior galleries of French Gothic cathedrals, show how ricli an effect can be obtained by long lines of such colonettes, con- nected by arches and either free-standing or placed against a wall. COL'ONSAY. One of the Inner Hebrides, or Western Isles of Scotland, off the southwest mainland of Argyllshire, in the Firth of Lome, between the isles of Islay and Mull, with the small isle of Oronsay, of the .southern end. sepa- rated by a narrow soimd, dry at low water (Map: Scotland, B 3). Colonsay and Oronsay are together 12 miles long from northeast to southwest, and one to three miles broad. The surface is irregular, and composed of mica-slate. Half the surface is cultivated. Next to lona. Colonsay contams the most extensive remains of religious edifices in the Western Isle's. On Oron- say stands a large stone cross and the ruins of a monastery foimded in the fourteenth century. Population, 500. COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonns, a. hus- bandman, colonist, from colere, to till). In its proper sense, colony denotes a body of immi- grants living in a foreign land under the laws and protection of the mother country; but the term has been used loosely to describe all classes of distant territories dependent in any form on a ruling power, from mere military posts like Gibraltar or Port Arthur to practically autono- mous States like Canada or Australia. The Greeks were preeminently a colonizing people. They established communities in Asia Minor, in Thrace and the Crimea, on the coast of Africa, in Italy and Sicily, and in Gaul. Marseilles was a Greek town, founded by the inhabitants of Phocoea about six centuries before the Chris- tian Era. The first great colonization move- ment of the Greeks followed as a conse- quence of the so-called Dorian migration, when the conquered peoples were driven from their lands and compelled to find new homes. The sec- ond movement, which took place in the period between the eighth and the sixth centuries B.C., was due to political disturbances at home, the necessity of drawing off the sui-plus of popula- tion, aiid military and connnercial interests. When it had been determined to send out a colony, the oracle was consulted, and a leader, called oikist, okicrr^t, was duly appointed; fire was taken from the sacred fire that burned in the Prvtaneum, and the new society, though politicallv independent, patterned itself after the mother city. The relation between the two communities was one of mutual affection only; but, if the new colony undertook it- self to found a colony, it went, through cus- tom, for its oikist to 'the mother city. Differ- ing from the colony as thus described was the clernchtj InXripovKla, allotment or apportion- ment, from Kf/pos, lot. andexf'"- have), the mem- bers of which remained in close connection with the mother city and did not form an independent community'. The Athenian cleruchies, the only ones of which we have any detailed knowledge, possessed a certain measure of autonomy, but only in internal affairs. The citizens were still citizens of Athens, with the rights and duties of
