CONCUSSION OF THE BBAIN. 256 CONDE. respiration scarcely distinguishable, the pulse weak, irregular, and slow. Vomiting is also fre- quent. This condition may last for several hours or even for a day or more, after which reaction slowly occurs, and recovery is complete. Fre- quently the symptoms of contusion or hemorrhage may follow, and the subsequent history becomes that of severe brain injury. Protracted symp- toms of concussion are usually regarded as sug- gestive of a more serious injury. The treatment is expectant; it consists in the application of warmth to the body, stimulation of respiration and pulse if necessary, and in keeping the pa- tient in absolute quiet. A surgical operation is, of course, not indicated in pure concussion, but only in such cases as give symptoms of gross brain lesions. See Shock. CONDAMINE, Chables IMaeia de la. See La COXDAMINE. CONDE, koN'da', Family op. Ope of the great families in France, and a branch of the House of Bourbon. It took its name from the town of Conde. (See CoxDf;-suR-L'EsCAUT.) The first to bear the title of Prince de Conde was Louis, the youngest son of Charles de Bourbon, Duke of VendOnie. (See below.) The family became ex- tinct in 1830. It gave many famous men to France, of whom the following are the most noted : Louis I. de Botjbbox, Prince de Conde (1530- 69), appears in 1549 as gentleman of the royal bedchamber. He distinguished himself at the siege of iletz (1552), and in the battle of Saint Quentin (1557). But the Court was under Guise influence, and no Bourbon could expect advance- ment. Conde, who had early imbibed Protestant ideas, threw in his lot with tlie Huguenots on the accession of Francis II. in 1559. He took part in the conspiracy of Amboise, formed by the Huguenots for the overthrow of the Guises. The capture and imprisonment of the chief Huguenot leaders followed, and Conde only escaped execu- tion through the opportune death of the King. The balance of power rested in the hands of Catherine de' Medici (q.v. ). who liberated Conde and made him Governor of Picardy. After the massacre of Vassy (1562), Conde and Coligny took up arms against the Guise faction, but they were defeated at Dreux in the same year, and Conde was taken prisoner. He was, however, liberated in the year following by the pacifica- tion of Amboise. Owing to fresh persecution, the Huguenots again took up arms in 1567; an un- successful attempt to seize the person of the King was followed by the indecisive battle of Saint Dfnis, in which the Catholic leader, the Con- stable de Montmorency, was slain, and in 1568 another treaty of peace was made, Conde, how- ever, learning of Court intrigues against his liberty, renewed the conflict. The battle of Jarnac (March 1.3, 1569) resulted most disas- trously for the Huguenots. Cond^ rashly ex- posed himself and was wounded and taken pris- oner. W liile his wounds were being dressed he was assassinated by Montesquieu, a Swiss merce- nary captain, possibly at the command of the Duke of Anjou. whom Conde had offended. "He was distinguished," says the Due d'Aumale, '"Tjy great ardor and gayety, the desire and the gift of being pleasant, by a resolute character, a proud soul, and a great and generous heart." Of the four sons who survived him, the eldest, Henri I. (1552-88), joined the Huguenot cause. but renounced his religion to save his life at the time of the massacre of Saint Bartholomew. He again took up arms for Protestantism in 1585, and was excommunicated by Pope Sixtus V. After .several successful encounters with the forces of the League, Conde was wounded at Coutras (October 20, 1587) and died a few montlis later, not without grave suspicions of foul play on the part of his wife and attendants. The legitimacy of his only son, Henri II. ( 1588- 1646), was a matter of great dispute; but finally he was allowed to succeed to the titles and es- tates of his father, and, for a time at lea.st, was looked on as the heir presumptive to the French crown. Tliis contingency was removed by Henry IV,'s second marriage and the birth of the Dau- phin Louis (1601), After a life at Court, de- voted to the aggrandizement of his family, and marked by opposition to the Huguenots, Henri II. de Conde died in 1646. He was the father of the Great Conde. •Louis II. de Bourbon (1621-86) is known in histoiy as 'the Great Condf.' After a thorough education in the Jesuit seminary at Bruges the young prince, who was kno^-n as the Due d'En- ghien during the lifetime of his father, was intro- duced at Court, and the next year, at the age of eighteen, was made Governor of Burgundy. To further his father's political aims, he was forced, in 1641, to marry the niece of Richelieu, much against his inclination. Meanwhile he had en- tered the military service and distinguished him- self in the Xetlierhinds, but his great triumph came in 1643, when, at the battle of Rocroi, he outmanceuvred the Spanish infantry, raised the siege, and inflicted a severe defeat on the enemy. Other successes followed, and Conde was pro- moted and sent to Alsace, in the summer of 1643, to coiiperate with Turenne. After the victory of Freiburg, the capture of Philippsburg, Mainz, and other cities on the Rhine, Conde returned in triumph to Paris for the winter, but in 1645, after the defeat of Turenne by ilercy, he again took the field and by his splendid dash and cnergv' won a series of victories culminating in that of Nordlingen in 1645, where Mercy was killed. Associated with the Duke of Orleans in the Netherlands in 1646, Conde won several bril- liant victories. The death of his father in the same year made him head of the Conde fam- ily and gave him possession of vast estates and a large fortune, and made him the highest personage in the State after the King and the Duke of Orleans. Tliougli feared by Jlaza- rin. Conde was given the chief command in the Netherlands and made captain-general of the French forces. The victory at Lens in 1648 added to his fame and he was recalled to Paris to suppress the rising of the Fronde (q.v.). After many intrigues, plots, and counter-plots the Court returned to Paris. Conde's haughti- ness of manner and dictatorial measures, how- ever, soon alienated the Queen and nobles, and by the advice of IMazarin he was arrested, with other members of his family. The threatened advance of Turenne, the murmurs of the Fronde, and the activity of friends, soon secured Conde's release. The discomfiture and flight of Mazarin again brought Conde to the front, but the failure ojf the Court to fulfill its promises and the sus- picions he entertained that his assassination was contemplated roused him to fresh rebellion in 1651. His former ally, Turenne, was now on the
