CONDE. 257 CONDENSER. side of the Court, and after Cond^ had won the battle of Bleneau (April, 1G52) and advanced on Ppris, he «as met by Turcnne at the liead of the royal troops. A bloody and indeoisive con- flict ensued, the net result of which was so to weaken the Frondeurs that most of them con- sented to a treaty of peace. Conde, however, rejected the prolTered terms, and after a vain ef- fort to retrieve his cause and seize Paris, went over to Spain. In the war which followed he acted as commander-in-chief of the Spanish forces in Flanders, but could gain no advantage over Turenne, who opposed him. When the j>eace of the Pyrenees was made (105!)) Conde was pardoned and again entered the service of France. In 1G73 he commanded in the Nether- lands, and the next year fought a drawn battle at Seneffe with William of Orange. This was the great general's last important battle, though in 1G75 he succeeded Turenne, on the latter's death, in command of the army on the Rhine. Disabled by gout, he resigned his post and re- tired to his estate at Chantilly. There he be- tame a devout Roman Catholic, and occupied himself during his remaining years with lit- erature, religion, and the society of his friends. He was intimate with Moligre, Racine, Boileau. Bossuet, and La BruySre. He died at Fontaine- bleaii on December 11, 1686, and his friend Bos- suet pronounced the now famous Oraison funi- hre over his bier. Though proud, and acting al- ways from motives of selfish ambition. Conde was without doubt one of the greatest men of his time. The only sui--iving son of the Great Conde, Henri Jules (1G43-1T09), inherited some of the ability of his father and played a more or less important part in the history of his time, while his grandson, the Duke de Bourbon, known as Monsieur le Due, was a prominent figure at the time of the Regency. Lons Joseph de Boubbon, Prince de Conde (1736-1818), the son of the Duke de Bourbon, was born in Paris, August 9, 1736. He distin- guished himself in the Seven Years' War at Minden, Gemmingen, and Johannisberg. At the outbreak of the Revolution he showed himself a strong supporter of the monarchy, and in 1792 took up arms against the Republic, organizing on the Rhine a body of emigres, which cooperated with the Austrians, and was known as 'the army of Conde.' After the peace of Campo Formio (1797). he entered the Russian service, and in 1801 fought in that of England. In that year he took up his abode in England, where he remained nntil the Restoration. His last years were spent at Chantillv, and he died there May 13, 1818. He was the author (1798) of an Essai sur la vie du grand Cond6. His son Louis Henri Joseph (17.56-1830) was the last of the Conde princes. He was wounded at the siege of Gibraltar in 1782 and later served under his father against France. His eldest son was the hapless Due d'Enghien. executed in 1804 by order of Napoleon. After the Restoration Conde settled his fortune on the Due d'Aumale, son of Louis Philippe, but in 1830 seemed to have thought of changing this will. Before doing so, however, he was found strangled, and it was judicially decided that he had committed suicide, though no satisfactory evidence was produced and the verdict was an open one. Consult: Due d'Aumale. Eistoire des princes de Condi XVIe and XVIIe sieeles (7 vols.. Paris, 1803-96) ; vols. i. and ii. translated into English byR. B. Borth-vick (London, 1872) : Lord Mahon, Life of Louis, Prince of Conde (London. 184,5) ; Fitzpatrick, The Great Conde and the Period of titc I'rotnle (2d ed., London, 1874) ; Cretineau- Joly, liistoire des trois dcrniers princes de la maison de Conde (Paris, 1806) ; Muret, L'hia- toire de I'armee de Conde (Paris, 1844). CONDELL, kun'del, Henry ( ? -1627), and HEMING, JoHX ( ? -1630). English actors, whose names are forever linked with Sliakes- peare's. They both belonged to Sliakespeare's company, and, with Burbage, were joint owners of the Globe Theatre. Like Shakespeare, they amassed fortunes from their profession. The great dramatist, as a token of lifelong friendsliip, bequeathed to them and Burbage 20s. 8d. to buy rings. And they in turn collected and edited his plays, 'to keepe the memory of so wortliy a friend and fellow alive' (first folio, 1623). CONDEMNATION. See Eminent Dom.in. CONDENSED MILK. See Milk. CONDENSER (from Lat. condensare, to thicken, from com-, together + densus, thick, Gk. daavs, dasys, thick). Any device for reducing gas or vapor to a liquid or solid form is termed a condenser, though the name is applied specific- ally to a variety of apparatus used in the arts besides appliances for condensing gases and vapors, as the part of a cotton-gin which com- presses the lint ; a machine which takes the wool coming from the carding engine and rolls it into slightly twisted threads or slubbings ready for spinning; the arrangement of steam- pipes used in sugar-mills to evaporate the water in the eane-juiee preparatory to concentration. Condensers in steam engineering are apparatus for condensing the exhaust steam from an engine. They are employed on shipboard, invariably in ocean steamers, and very generally in fresh-water craft, but are seldom used on stationary land engines and almost never on locomotive or port- able engines. The two forms of steam-condensers are the jet condenser, now seldom used, and the surface condenser. The jet condenser consists essentially of an air-tight chamber into which the exhaust steam flows, and is brought into eon- tact with a spray of water whose action is to tmn the steam to water, which falls to the bot- tom of the chamber and is pumped away by an air-pump. With the jet condenser the condensed steam is necessarily mixed with the water of the spray, which in ocean steamers is always sea- water, so that it is always salt and thus objec- tionable for boiler-feeding purpcses. To remedy this objection, the surface condenser was invent- ed, and consists essentially of a vessel containing brass tubes through which the exhaust steam is passed, and around which a current of cold water is kept in circulation, thus keeping separate the condensed steam and the salt condensing water. See Steam-Engine. CONDENSER. A form of electrical appa- ratus used to accumulate a charge of electricity, or, in other words, to store up electrical energy. A condenser in its simplest form consists of two conductors which are separated from each other by an insulating medium or dielectric, and is illustrated by the Leyden jar or Franklin plate. The name dates from the time of the fluid theory of electricity, when it was believed that a certain
