CRANE. 540 CRANE-FLY. revolution was made with this load in five min- utes. The floating crane at Cramp's shipyard, in I'hiladelphia, Fa., has a steel mast 110 feet high and 3 feet in diameter, carrying a hori- zontal jib 03 feet long with a counterbalance arm 50 feet long which is stayed to the bottom of the mast and to the hull of the barge. The barge is 09 feet long, 02 feet wide, and 13 feet deep. This crane has a lifting capacity of 125 tons. A floating crane owned by the Chapman Wrecking Company, of New York City, has a mast 92 feet high and a jib 98 feet long, and is capable of lifting a load of 205 tons. On board ship cranes are fitted for handling cargo, coal, boats, anclior. etc. The boat-crane of a large modern man-of-war is built up, box- girder fashion ; it rises 20 or 25 feet above the skid-beams on which the boats are stowed, and the horizontal arm extends 10 or 15 feet beyond the ship's side when turned out for the purpose of lowering or hoisting a boat. The power is either electricity or steam, and serves to hoist and lower the boat, run it in or out on the horizontal arm of the crane, or train ( i.e. turn horizontally) the latter. Consult: Glynn, Trea- tise on the Constnictioii of Cranes and Other Hoisting Machinery (London. 1887); Marks, Xotes on the Construction of Cranes and Lifting Machinery (London, 1889) ; and Towne, A Trea- tise on Cranes (New York, 1883). See Dee- CRANE, BurcE (1857—). An American artist. He was born in New York, and studied there under A. H. A'yant. His landscapes are frequently exhibited, and he has become famed for his winter and snow studies. Mr. Crane be- came a member of the National Academy in 1879. CRANE, IcHABOD. The lanky country school- master, and hero of tlif adventure with the Head- less Horseman, in Washington Irving's "Legend of Sleepy Hollow," in The Sketch Book. CRANE, Stephen (1870-1900). An Ameri- can journalist and novelist, born at Newark, N. J., November 1, 1870. He was educated at Lafayette College and Syracuse University; be- gan active life as a reporter and newspaper writer; was correspondent for the New Y'ork Journal in the Greco-Turkish War (1897) and in Cuba, and then removed to England. His first essay in fiction was a story of slum life, Maggie, a Girl of the Streets (1891). This was followed by a perversely eccentric collection of verses. The Black Riders and Other Lines (1895). The Red Badge of Courage (1890). a realistic though imaginary presentation of hor- rors in the Civil War, brought him deserved repu- tation, and marked the summit of bis achieve- ment. Less significant are : George's Mother (1890) ; The Little Regiment (1897) ; The Open Boat: On Actire Service: WhilomriUe Stories, and other tales ; although in such a short story as The Master he showed that he still possessed great power. For some time before his death he resided in England. He died at Badenweiler, Germany, .June 5, 1900. Posthumous manu- scripts have been collected by his wife under the title Wonnds in the Rain and Great Battles of the World. Many magazine stories remain uncollected. CRANE, TnoMAS Frederick (1844—). An American folklorist and educator, born in New York City. He graduated in 1864 at Princeton, was appointed professor of modern languages at Cornell, and in 1S08 professor of the Romance languages. In 1901 he became dean of the gen- eral faculty of tlie university. He made valu- able researches in the history of the development of European folklore, on which subject he ac- cumulated one of the most valuable of extant libraries. His works include: Italian Popular Tales (1885): The Exempbi. or Illustrative Stories from the Scrmones Vulgares of Jacques de Vitry (1890); Chansons populaires dc la France (1891); and Tableau de la revolution fransaise (6th ed., 1892). CRANE, Walter (1845—). An English painter and engraver, born in Liverpool, August 15, 1845. He was a pupil of his father. Thomas Crane, a portrait painter, and afterwards studied under Linton in London. Among his best oil- paintings are the "Birth of Venus" and the "Fate of Proserpina:" among his aquarelles, "Plato's Garden," "Date Trees on Monte Pin- cio," and the "End of the Year." He is, how- ever, best known from his illustrations in ju- venile works, done in a sort of antique style, mostly in outline. Among the subjects which he has thus treated are "Echoes from Hellas:" "Flora's Feast;" and "Queen Summer." He is also Icnown as a designer for glass windows, tapestries, and the like, and lias written exten- sively upon subjects of general artistic interest. He belongs to the Morris group of Socialists. He has received many medals, is president of the Arts and Crafts Society of London, and is prominently identified with popular art move- ments in England. CRANE, William Henry (1845—). An American comedian. He was born in Leicester, Mass.. and was educated in the Boston schools. In 1863, after some amateur experience, he made Ins debut at Utica. N. Y., with the Holman 0]iera Company, taking the jiart of the notary in Donizetti's Daughter of the Regiment. In 1805 he turned his attention to comedy, and in 1870 became a member of the Alice Gates Com- pany, with which he remained for four years. In 1874 he played at Hooley's Theatre in Chi- cago, tilling tlie leading comedy roles, and later he acted in San Francisco for nearly a year. Re- turning East, he made his first marked success with Stuart Robson (1877). at the Park Theatre, New York City, in Grover's farcical play Our Boarding House. Among their other successes were those in the Comedy of Errors and The Henrietta (1889), after which he separated from Mr. Robson. Since then he has added to his reputation by his excellent work in The Sen- ator: The American ^finister: A Fool of For- tune: A Virginia Courtship (1898) ; >and Datud Harum (1900). Crane's specialty is eccentric American character. CRANE-ELY (so called from its long legs). .- big. slender-bodied fly of the family Tipulidfe, having excessively long, slender legs. These flies appear, often in swarms, in late summer, and about 300 of the thousand or more known s]iecies belong to the Ignited States. Their modes of life and reproduction are not well known. "The larv.e of most species," accord- ing to Howard, "live in the earth, but some live in water, in decomposing wood, and even upon the leaves of plants. Some of the earth-inhabit-
