CUNHA. 66S CUNNINGHAM. his return lie was made one of the special coun- cil of the Crown. Da Cunha was the discoverer of three volcanic islands in the Atlantic, one of which bears his name. CTT'NIBEBT, Saint (c.590-G63). One of the earliest bishops of Cologne. He was consecrated in 62.3; was present at the synods of Kheinis (G25) and of Clichy (626), and soon took a place be- side Pepin as one of the most intluential men in the' kingdom of the Franks. He educated Sigebert III. and other Jlerovingian princes; was promi- nent in the revision of the Salic and Rijuiarian laws, and in drawing up the Alemannian and Ba- varian codes, and spread the power of the Church over Saxony, Westphalia, Frisia, and part of France. He died after forty years in the bisli- opric. CIT'NIMTJND (c.510-506). The la.st King of the CJepida'. He was killed in 566 in a battle with the Lombards, to whose King, Alboin (q.v. ), his daughter Rosamund was married. CXJNNER. A small, brown labroid fish, com- mon in summer about all the eastern shores of the United States, where it affords amusement to hosts of amateur anglers who fish for it from wharves and anchored boats. It is closely allied to the tautog, but less valuable, and is variously known as burgall, chogset, blue perch, sea-perch. Differ, etc., and to ichthyologists as Ctenolabrus adspersus. CXTN'NINGHAM, Sir Alexander (1814-93). An English soldier, archaeologist, and author, born at Westminster. He studied at Addis- combe, went to India in 1833 as second lieuten- ant of Bengal engineers, and in 1836 was ap- pointed an aide-de-camp to Lord Auckland. From 1836 to 1846 he v.'as employed in military and engineering service, in 1846-49 was field- engineer in the Sikli wars, and in 1856, with rank of lieutenant-colonel, was appointed chief engineer of Burma. In 1858 he was appointed to a similar post in the Northwestern Provinces, and, as a major-general, retired in 1861. He was from that time luitil 1865, and again in 1870-85, archipological surveyor to the Indian Govern- ment. In that capacity he made extensive ex- plorations, excavations, and drawings, gathered the most valuable collection of Indian coins yet made, and conducted important researches in the history of Buddhism as revealed by its architec- ture. His publications include: Essay on the Arian Order of Arcltiterture (1848) : The An- cient Geography of India (pt. i., 1871) : Corpus Inscriptionum Iitdicarum, vol. i. (1877); The Coins of Ancient India (1891) ; and The Coins of Mcdiwval India (1894). CUNNINGHAM, Allan (1784-1842). A Scottish poet and miscellaneous writer. He was bom in the parish of Keir, Dumfriesshire. His father was for a time a neighbor of Burns, and Allan, as a boy, was present at the poet'.s funeral. At the age of eleven Cunningham was taken from school and apprenticed to his brother, who was a stone-mason ; but his spare time was given to song and the collection of traditions. In 1810 he contributed largely to R. II. Cromok's Remains of yithsdale and Cnlioiray Sana. The ballads in this collection, though purporting to be ancient popular songs, were Cunningham's own compositions. Removing to London just be- fore this publication, Cunningham became one of the best-known writers for the London Maga- zine. He subsequently obtained a situation in Chantrey's studio as foreman, or conlideiitial manager, and this ollice he held till the sculp tor's death. Among Cunningham's many works are Songs, Chiefly in the Ilural Uialcet of Hcol- land (1813); Songs of Scotland, Ancient and Modern (1825) ; several romances, and a drama; Traditional Talcs of the English and Scottish I'eu.sanlry (1822); Lires of the Most Eminent Hrilish i'ainters. Sculptors, etc. (1829-33); and
- in admirable life of Bums. Cunningliim is the
- iiith()r of a fine sea song. "A Wet Sheet and a
Flowing Sea." He died in London. Consult Hogg, Life, with selections from works (London, 1875). CUNNINGHAM, .Ion X (1819-92). A Scot- tish divine. He was born at Paisley and was edu- cated at the universities of Glasgow and Edin- liurgh. He was pastor at Crieff for forly-one years (1845-86). In 1886 he hecaiiie Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scot- land, and in the same year was ap])oinled profes- sor of divinity at Saint Mary's College, Saint Andrews. His Church Eistory of Scotland, first published in 1859, is the best work on this sub- ject. His further publications include: .1 New Theory of Knowing and Knotrn, icith Some Spec- ulations on the Borderland of Psychology and Physiology (1874) ; The Quakers from Their Ori- gin to the Present Time: An International His- tory (1868). CUNNINGHAM, John F. (1842—). An American Catholic divine. He was born in the parish of Irremore, County Kerry, Ireland, and was educated at Saint Benedict's College, .tohi- son, Kan., and at Saint Francis Seminary, Mil- waukee, Wis. He took an important part in the development of the Catholic Church infiuence in Kansas, having been the first resident pastor of that Church to be appointed at Fort Scott ( 1865- 68). In 1868 he was transferred to Lawrence. CUNNINGHAM, Peteij (1816-69). A Brit- ish author, liorn in London, the son of the writer Allan Cunningham. He is best known by his Band-Book of London (1849), a valuable work full of information. He also edited a number of the English classics; wrote a Life of Drummond of Hawthornden (1833) ; a Life of Inigo Jones (1848) ; and The Story of Nell Gwynne (18.52) ; and was a contributor to numerous English periodicals. CUNNINGHAM, Richard (1793-1835). A Scotch botanist, a brother of Allan Cunningham, the poet. He was born at Wimbledon. From 1808 to 1814 he worked on the Hortus Kcu-cnsis at Kensington; from 1814 to 1832 he acted as assistant to the King's gardener at Kew. and in the latter year was ni.ade Colonial Botanist and superintendent of the gardens at Sydney, Aus- tralia. After spending nearly a year in New Zealand, he returned to Australia in 1834, and in the following year, while out with an explor- ing party on the banks of the Darling River, he was murdered by the natives. He wrote Tuo Years in New South Wales (London. 1827). CUNNINGHAM, Wtlt.tam (1805-61). An English theologian. He was born at Hamilton. Lanarkshire, and was educated at Edinburgh TTniversity. In 1834 he was appointed pastor of Trinitv Church, Edinburgh, and after a visit to the Ignited Slates for purposes of theological Investigation became professor of theology in
