D'ALEMBERT. 742 DALKEITH. after separated, though not a breath of scandal attaclied to their connection till her death (1770), a shock from which lie never recovered. D'Alembert is fully as important for his personal- ity as for his works. He gave learning an offi- cial status in French society and did a great ser- vice to letters, both by his example and by his Essai sur les gens de lettres (1753), in fostering the independence of his class from subserviencj' to social prominence and political power. This essay exposed thoroughly and finally the evils of patronage. His religious opinions, once the sub- ject of eager controversy, are revealed as a toler- ant theism in his correspondence with Voltaire, published in Bossange's partial edition of D'Alem- bert's Works (1821). Condorcet's Elogc of him before the French Academy (1784) gives a sym- pathetic yet Judicious account of D'AIembert's life and writings. Consult Bertrand, D'Alembert (Paris. 1889). DALGAR'NO, George (1626-87). A Scottish writer, who interested himself in the subject of a universal language and in the metliods of teaching the deaf and dumb. He was born at Aberdeen, studied at JIarischal College, and afterwards kept a school in Oxford for thirty years. His Ars Signoruin, Viilgo Character Universalis et Lingua Philosophica (1661) is an ingenious attempt to represent and classify ideas by specific arbitrary characters irrespective of words. His Didasralocophus, or the Deaf and Dumb Man's Tutor (1680), has for its design "to bring the way of teaching the deaf man to read and write as near as possible to that of teaching young ones to speak and understand their niother-tongiie." DAXiGABNO, Lord. A villainous favorite of Prince Charles, in Scott's Fortunes of Xigel ; the enemy of Nigel and the betrayer of Lady Hennione. He is finally murdered while attempt- ing to flee the country. DAL'GETTY, Capt.in Bigald. A merce- nary soldier and ex-divinity student in Scott's Legend of Iontrose: a brave and reliable fellow, whose prototype is a certain Munro who served among the Scotch and English auxiliaries in Swinemiinde, in 1630. DALHOtrSIE, dal-hoo'zl or dal hou'zi. A popular sunuiicr resort and port of entry, the capital of Restigouche County, New Brunswick, Canada (ilap: Xew Brunswick, CI). It is sit- uated at the mouth of the Restigouche estuary on Chaleurs Bay. and has a large and well-pro- tected harbor. . considerable trade in preserved lobsters and salmon, and in lumber, is carried on. Angling, boating, bathing, and beautiful hill sceners' are among its varied attractions. Esti- mated' population, in 1901, 3000. DALHOUSIE, .Tajies Andrew Broux Ram- . SAY, tenth Earl and first JIarquis of (1812-60). A Governor-General of India. The third son of the ninth Earl, he was born at Dalhousie Castle, Midlothian, April 22, 1812. He was educated at Harrow, and graduated at Christ Church, Oxford. In 1837 he was elected Conservative member of Parliament for Haddingtonshire, and at the death of his father in 1838 became Earl of Dalhousie and took his seat in the House of Lords. In 1843 he was appointed Vice-President of the Board of Trade, and in 1845 succeeded Gladstone as President. His administration at the time of the so-called 'Railway Mania,' marked his ability, and at the change of Ministry in IS4t> Lord .John Russell paid liim a rare compliment in asking him to remain in office to complete liis work. In 1847 he became the 30ungest Governor- General ever sent to India. His administration, through additions of territory, development of resources by railways, canals, and other public improvements, forms an important era in Indian history, although, on account of his reduction of the army of occupation, the Indian ilutiny was subsequently laid to his charge. He was the recipient of many honors, and in 1849 was created ilarquis of Dalhousie. In 1S50 he re- turned to England as an invalid, and died after a lingering illnes.s, December 19, 18G0. Consult: Arnold, History of the Marquis of Dalhousie's Administration of British India (London, 1862-65); the Duke of Argj-U, India Under Dalhousie and Canning (London, 1865) ; and Trotter, Life of Dalhousie, in the States- men Series" (London, 1889). DALIU, da'Ien, Ol.a.f vo.x (1708-63). 'The Father of modern Swedish poetry,' whose liter- ary maturity is known in Sweden as the 'age of Dalin,' a period of transition from the domi- nance of German to that of French, and espe- cially English literary ideals. He was born in the Province of Halland, August 29, 1708. the son of a clergyman. He studied at Lmid, went to Stockholm as tutor, and entered the civil service in 1731. In 1733 he began to issue anonymously a literary weekly, .S'rcjis/.a Argus, that soon be- came widely popular for its piquant wit. Dalin announced his editorship, published Thoughts About Criticism; a comedv. The Jealous Man (17.38); a tragedy, Brunhild (1739); and the witty .S7on/ of the Horse (1739), through which runs a satire on the history of Sweden, following it by another satire on contemporary politics, April Work of Our fllorious Time. Dalin's high- est poetic flight is Swedish Freedom { 1742) , a di- dactic allegory. In 1751 he was made tutor of the Crown Prince (later King Gustavns III.), and commissioned by Queen Louise L'lrika, sis- ter of Frederick the Great, to write a History of Sweden (4 vols., 1747-62). She also consulted him in establishing the Academy of Arts and Sciences (1753). In this year he was made Privy Councilor, but fell under suspicion of political intrigue and was banished from the Court, to which he returned in 1761, two years before his death at Drottningholm, August 12, 1763. Dalin's collected Works (1767) have no lasting qualities, but his personal influence was path-breaking and transforming in the national literature. DALKEITH, drd-keth'. A market-to^vn of Scotland, ^ix miles southeast of Edinburgh (Map: Scotland. E 4). It has a corn-market, a large and commodious market-hall, erected in 1854; manufactures of carpets, besides iron- foundries, tanneries, and coal-works. There are large coal-mines near by. Dalkeith arose around an ancient castle, which was long a stronghold. Tt was successively held by the Grahams, the Douglases, the Earls of Morton, and the Earls of Buccleuch. Dalkeith Palace, the chief seat of the Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry, built about 1700 on the site of the old castle, is a large square structiire overhanging the North Esk, amid fine grounds in which the two Esks unite. Population (police burgh), in 1901, 6753.
