ERB. 178 ERDMANN. Erlangen, and Munich. After occupy- ial pathology and therapy at where lie also ,ilist on j.v and neuro-pathology he pub- orks: Handbuch der i spinaleti 376) ; Handbuch der Krank- tnd des verlangt rti n 1878 i Eandbuch der I 386; Eng. trans, by L. Put- ( eber d Entwicklung der 1880), and Dystrophia Muscii- laris 1891). ER'BEN, Henby (1832—). An American naval officer, born in New York City. He grad- uated at the United States Naval Academy in was employed in deep-sea sounding in the Atlantic in 1855, and in lv>ii-59 served in the China Station as a lieutenant on board the frigate During the Civil War he was with Farragut in the Guli Squadron, with Foote on the Mississippi River, and with Dupont in the attack on Charleston, and the blockade of the Mexican coast. Hi was commander of the New York Navy Yard in 1891-92, and of the European Squadron 4a 1893-94. In 1894 he attained the rank of rear-admiral, and in the same year was retired from the service. ERBEN, ci-'l„„. Kaki. Jaromir (lSll-70).^ A Czech Bcholar and poet. He was born at Miletin and was educated al Prague. He look a promi- nent part in the Czech movement of 1848, in 1S50 ■ secretary of the Prague Museum, and archivist in the following year. His chief historical publication is entitled Regesta Diplo- Epistolaria Bohemia et Moravian • ls.v. . He was a gifted lyric poet, among his original verses being the collection of ballads entitled Kytia ("A Bouquet"; latest ed. 1S90). Another meritorious literary achievement is bis folksongs i 3 vols., Is ! He also compiled a judicial terminology in ER'BIUM (Neo-Lat., from Ytterly in Swe- etallic element discovered bj Mosander in 1843. It i- of the mineral gadolinite, which i- found in 5Ttterby, Sweden. Erbium (symbol Er, atomic weight 166.32) i- similar to the earthy elements lan- thanum, scandium, and ytterbium, with which it i- found, and forms a series of rose-colored sali-. that give an acid reaction with litmus, but have a sweet a -i i ingent I aste. ER'CELDOUNE, THOMAS OF. Sec THOMAS THE Kiivmi it. ERCILLA Y ZUNIGA, arthe'l i onso in I 1533 94). Spanish epic poet, who enjoys the distinction of having writ- ten the first work of lit. ran merit known to ■I lean COnt i became page to Philip 1 1., and accompanied i he latter to I Ing land on I he oi ' .< ion pi ials w itb Queen Thence Ercill i America with the army dispatched to quell the insurrection of I he i hi ( bile. Here the brave resist I i he nal i uni qual ti uggle in spired Ercilla with the idea of using the subject u unfounded suspicion of his plotted ai careei and he , d. and bad actualh ascended the scaffold, when his sentence was commuted to exile at Callao. He returned to Europe in 1562. and being coldly received by King Philip, he wandered through France, Italy, Germany, Bohemia, and Hungary. For a while he held the office of chamberlain to the Emperor Rudolph II., but in 1580 he returned to .Madrid, where he died in poverty and obscurity. The first 15 cantos of his epic. La Araucana, written in the ottava rima, appeared in 1569; the con- tinuations, 37 cantos in all, were published in 1578 and 1590. The latest edition is in the Bib- lioteca de autores espanoles, vol. xii. A con- tinuation, of little value, was written by Diego de Santisteban y Osorio (Salamanca, 1597). Consult Rovon, Etude littcraire sur I'Araucana d'Ercilla (Dijon, 1880). ERCKMANN-CHATRIAN, erk'man-sha'- tie'iiN'. The name employed to indicate the joint authorship of Emile Erckmann (1822-99) and Alexandre Chatrian (1826-90), whose com- bined work affords one of the most remarkable instances of modern collaboration. Erckmann was born in Pfalzburg (in Lorraine), Chatrian at Soldatenthal (in the same district). Both were. therefore, of that border territory annexed to Germany in 1871, in which is laid the scene of most of their works. Erckmann bad successfully studied law in Paris, and Chatrian for a time had been an instructor in the college at Pfalzburg, when they be- gan the publication, in the Democrate dn L'li in. of a series of feuilletons. The story "L'illustre docteur Matheus" (1859), originally published in the Revue Xuiirclle, was their first success. This tiny followed up with a long and widely read series, of which the Histoire d'un conscrit de 1SL1 (1864) is the best-known vol- ume. L'ami Fritz ( lsti4> and Waterloo (1865), a sequel to the Conscrit, should also be men- tioned. As dramatists Erckmann and Chatrian appeared in two productions of much merit. Le iuij polonais (1869) and L'ami Fritz (1876), the latter derived from their book of that name. The former is familiar in England and America through its adaptation (1871) by Leopold Lewis a- Tin Hills, the "llathias" of which is one of the most skillful impersonations in the repertoire of Sir Henry Irving. The stories are marked by humor, clever characterization, and convincing details of local color. The literary partnership was finally dissolved. Erckmann's independent work is of less importance. An edition by Pfau, of German translations of the chief joint works, appeared al Stuttgart in 1882 id vols.). ERDELYI, er'dal ye, Janos (1814-68). An Hungarian author, born at Kapos. lie pub lished a number of works fairly well known in bis native country, and became professor of philosophy at Sarospatak (1849). lie is re- membered for a collection of the popular songs and legends of Hungary. We'pdalok is mond&k (1846 18), which is an important addition to the folk lore of Europe. ERDINGTON. er'dfug Inn. a manufacturing town in Warwickshire. England, four ami one- half miles northeast of Birmingham (Map: Eng- land, E II. It is the seat of the Oscott Roman i latholic College. Population, in 1891, 9600; in 1901, 16,350. ERDMANN, ert'raan, Benito (1851—) an philosopher, born at Guhrau, Prussian
