EUGENE. 207 EUGENIE-MARIE DE MONTIJO. Willamette River, and on the Southern Pacific Railroad (Map: Oregon, B 5). The State Uni- versity, opened in lsyii. is situated here. The city is the commercial centre fur the fertile agri- cultural country of the upper Willamette Valley, and lias also considerable lumbering, mining, and manufacturing interests, the las! being promoted by good water-power. The industrial establish- ments include flouring, woolen, saw, and planing mills; sash, door, furniture, and excelsior fac- tories; iron-works and machine-shops j tanneries, brick-yards, etc. Under a charter of 1893 the government is vested in a mayor, elected Men- ially, and a municipal council. Eugene was first settled in 1854, and was incorporated ten years later. Population, in 1900, 3230. EUGENE, e'zhftn', FBANSOIS (1003-1730). A celebrated Austrian general, best known as Prince Eugene of Savoy, his full name being Francois-Eugene de Savoie-Oarignan. He was the son of Eugene Maurice, Count of Soissons ami of Olympia Mancini, a niece of Cardinal Mazarin and was born in Paris, October IS, 1063. The banishment of his mother to the Low Countries, by the order of Louis XIV.. and the refusal of the King to grant him a commission in the army, so incensed Eugene against France that he indignantly renounced his country, and entered the service of the Emperor Leopold I. as a volunteer against the Turks. Though barely twenty years of age. and without military train- ing, he displayed extraordinary talents in war, especially at the famous siege of Vienna in 1683. lie soon rose to a high position in the army. In the war of the Coalition against Louis XIV. (1689-97) he took an active part in the fighting in Italy, and in 1691 was raised to the command of the Imperial army in Piedmont. It was about this time that Louis XIV. offered him the baton of a marshal of France, the generalship of Cham- pagne, and a large pension, but Eugene refused all such advances. In 1093 he was made a field- marshal of Austria, and on his return to Vienna he was placed at the head of the army of Hun- gary, and defeated the Turks, with immense slaughter, in the famous battle of Zenta, Septem- ber 11, 1097. In 1701 the War of the Spanish Succession broke out and Eugene was put in command of the army in Italy; but his forces were too small for him to accomplish anything of importance. In the year 1703, being appointed president of the council of war, he became thence- forth the prime mover of every military under- taking. He first took the command of the Impe- rial army in Germany, and with Marlborough gained a brilliant victory at Blenheim, August 13, 1704, over the French and Bavarians. Eugene afterwards saved Turin, and expelled the French from Italy in the year 1700. He shared, too, with Marlborough the glory of the fields of Oudenarde in 1708 and Malplaquet in 1709; but being crippled in his resources by the retirement of Holland and England from the contest, he was unable to withstand the enemy on the Rhine. The defeat of his Dutch allies by Villara at De- nain, July 24, 1712, was followed by other dis- asters, until the Peace of Rastadt (1714) put an end to the war. In 1716, on the renewal of the war against the Turks, Eugene d»feated an army of 180.000 men at Peterwardein, took Temesvar, and in the year 1717. after a bloody battle, gained possession of Belgrade. After the Peace of Passarowitz, which Vol. VII. — is was concluded in the following year, he returned to Vienna, where, during the succeeding yea] peace, he labored with unwearied energies in the Cabinet. When the question of the succession to the throne of Poland brought on a new war with France (1733-35), Eugene appeared again on the Rhine; bul being now advanced in yeai and destitute of sufficienl resources, he was un- able to accomplish anything of importance. After the peace be lehmied to V ienna, where lie died April 21, 1730, leaving an immense fortune to bis ie, the Princess Victoria of Savoy. In bis later years lie was a patron of art and literature. Among the common people of German] and Aus- tria bis fame lives in songs, as "1'iinz Eugen der idle Ritter"; his reputation as one of the great- est military leaders of his own or, in fact, of any time, is firmly established. I'.iituiioKAi'iiv. The most elaborate work on Prince Eugene is thai of Irneth, 1'rinz Eui von Savoyen (Vienna, 1858); for a popular biography, consult Malleson, Prince Eugene of Savoy (London, 1888). Other important works arc Kausler, Dos Leben des Prinzen Eugen von Savoyen, etc. (Freiburg. 1838-39); Von Sybil, Prinz Eugen von Savoyen (Munich, 1861); Hel ler, Militarische Korrespondenz des Prinzen Eu- gen von Savoyen, etc. (Vienna, 1848). EUGENE ARAM, fi-jen' a'ram. A novel by Bulwer Lytton, published in 1832. See ARAM, Eugexe. EUGE'NIA. See Myrtace.e. EUGENIE, ti-je'ne. Sir Dattphine. The nephew of Morose, in Jonson's Epicoene. His love of fun and desire for an inheritance led him to marry his irritable uncle to 'the silent woman," who is, in reality, a boy in disguise, and berett, until after the ceremony, of the powers of speech. EUGENIE GRANDET, c'zlia'ne' graw'da'. A famous novel by Balzac, published in 1834, and descriptive of the evil consequences of avarice, as shown in the unhappy life of the young girl who is the title-character of the story. EUGENIE-MARIE DE MONTIJO, ma 're' de nion-te'Ho ( 1826 — ) . Ex-Empress of the French. She was born at Granada, in Spain, May 5, 1826, the second daughter of the Count of Montijo and of Maria Manuela Kirkpatrick. In her youth Eugenie bore the title of Countess of Teba, one of the numerous titles of the family of Montijo, and was renowned for her beauty and charm of manner. In 1851 she appeared in Paris, where she aroused the admiration of Louis Napoleon, who married her on January 30, 1853, at Notre Dame, soon after being proclaimed Em- peror of the French. A son, the Prince Im- perial, was born in 1856. In 1859 Eugenie filled the office of Regent during Napoleon's absence with the army in Italy, but showed her- self deficient in political ability. She favored the unfortunate Mexican expedition of Maximil- ian, and in the eyes of many historians she was one of the chief causes of the downfall of the Second Empire. She was a second time Regent, in 1865, on the occasion of Napoleon's journey to Algeria, and she encouraged the Emperor in his ill advised Roman policy as well as in his opposi- tion to Prussia. During the Franco-German war she was Regent once more, but had to flee to Eng- land after the Emperor became a captive. Sep- tember 2, 1870. She resided at Camden House.
