EUHEMERISM. 269 EULENSPIEGEL. have been branded as a. deceiver. Many of the later writers adopted his views, and to ntany of the early Christian apologists his work was a welcome storehouse of material for use in their attacks upon the heathen divinities. The theory lias had defenders from the days (if its founder to the present time. In the eighteenth century it. was made prominent by Banier'a l.n my- thologie et les fables explique'e par I'Mstoire (Paris, 17:38), and with some admixture of the allegorizing tendency is found in those writers who endeavored to interpret Greek legends as a derivation from the biblical narrative, as in the Area Vow of Athanasius Kireber and others — a method which survived long, and is found even in 18!I3 in the Revue d'l i.n y. st mythologique of the Abbf Fourier. Some elements of Euheme- rism may also be attributed to those theories which see the origin of all mythologies, and even all religious emotions, in the worship of ancestors and spirits of the dead. Consult: Sieroka, De Euhemero (Konigsberg, 1808) ; Xemethy, Euhe- meri Reliquiae (Budapest, 1889) ; Susemihl, Qeschichte der griechischen TAtteratur in der Alemandrinerzeit, vol. i. (Leipzig, 1891). EUHEM'EEUS. See Euhemerism. EULACHON, u'la-kon, or OOL'ACHAN. See Candlefish. EULA'LIUS. Antipope chosen in opposition to Boniface !., 418. The dispute occasioned the first interference on the part of the temporal authorities in the choice of a pope. The party of Boniface prevailed, and Eulalius left Rome, and later resigned all pretensions. He died as Bishop of Nepi. EULENBERG, oi'len-berK, Hermann (1814- 1902). A German physician. He was born at Muhlheim-on-tfoe-Rhine, and studied at Bonn and Berlin. At Coblenz he founded the publication entitled Korrespondenzblatt der deutschen Oesell- schaft fiir Psyehiatrie and gericKtliche Medizin, and made investigations in regard to the preva- lence of cretinism and goitre in the district of Coblenz {Beilrage zur pathologischen Anatomie des Kretinismus, in collaboration with Mar- fels, 1857). He subsequently became Govern- ment counselor and medieal counselor at Cologne (1860-70), and was in 1870 appointed counselor to the Ministry of Education (1870- 87). From 1870 to 1890 he conducted ,the Vierteljahrsschrift fiir gerichtliehe Medizin und iiffentlielics Sanitiitsicescn. His principal works, which deal mainly with public hygiene, are the following: Das Medizinalwesen in Preussen (1874) ; Handbuch der Gevserbehygiene (1876) ; Hnndbiich des offentlichen Oesundheitswesens (in collaboration with other specialists, 2 vols., 1881- 82) ; and Schulgesundheitslehre (with Bach, 2d ed. 1896). EULENBURG, oi'Ien-bnnrK. Albert (1840 — ) . A German physician. He was born in Ber- lin and was educated at the Universities of Ber- lin and Bonn. As assistant in the University Hospital at Greifswald, he published in 1864 the important treatise entitled Die hypodermatische Injection, der Arzneimittel (3d ed. 1875), for which he received the prize awarded by the Hufe- land Society of Berlin. In 1874 he was ap- pointed professor of therapeutics and director of the Pharmacological Institute at Greifswald. He returned to Berlin in 1882. and devoted himself to researches in neuropathology, on which subject he was soon a recognized authority. Besides pub- lishing the important works respectively entitled SexuaU Veuropathii (1895) and Lehrbuch der Nervenkrankheiten (.2d enlarged ed. 1S7sj, be became editor of tie- Keal-Encyklopddii >/■ 1 samten Beilkunde (3d ed. 1893 el seq.). II" was also editor of the Encycklopiidischt Jala bilcher der gesamten Heilkunde 1 istil et seq.), and. in collaboration with J. Schwabe, of the Hi nls,l,, hi. dizinische Wochenachrift. EULENBURG, Botho, Counl (1831 — ). A German statesman, a son of the Prussian states- man Count Botho Heinrich Eulenburg (1801- 79). After studying law and holding a position as Government counselor, he was elected to the North German Reichstag as a Conser- vative in 1867. In 1878 he was appointed Minister of the Interior, in which capacity he formulated the Socialist law of October. 1878, and vigorously prosecuted the work of adminis- trative reform. Differences arose bet ween him and Bismarck over what the Chancellor thought to be undue leniency, and he was compelled to re- sign in 1881. After the withdrawal of the Chan- cellor, Count Caprivi, from the Prussian Premier- ship in 1892, Eulenburg succeeded to the presi- dency of the Ministry, and in the same year became Minister of the Interior. But his advo- cacy of strenuous measures against the social democracy was disapproved by Chancellor Ca- privi, and the differences arising between the two men culminated in their resignation from office, October 26, 1894. Eulenburg took his seat in the Prussian House of Lords in 1899. EULENBURG, Fuiedrich Albrecht, Count (1815-81). A German statesman. He entered the diplomatic service in 1852. and was ap- pointed consul-general at Antwerp. In October, 1859, as head of the Eastern Asiatic Expedi- tion of the Prussian Government, he conducted negotiations leading to commercial and maritime treaties with China and Japan. So admirably did he discharge the extremely difficult mission (the respective treaties with Japan and China being duly ratified on January 24 and Septem- ber 2, 1861), that, upon his return, he was ap- pointed by Bismarck Minister of the Interior 1 December 8. 1862). After 1S66 he energet- ically organized the administration of the newly acquired provinces of Prussia, consistently fol- lowing a conservative policy until 1878, when certain concessions which he had been forced to make to the Liberal .party were strenuously opposed bv Bismarck, and led to his resignation, March 30," 1878. EULENBURG, Philipp, Prince (1847—). A German diplomat, born at Konigsberg, Prussia. He served in the wars with Austria and France, and studied law at Leipzig and Strassburg from 1872 to 1875. He was Prussian Ambassador to Oldenburg from 1888 to 1890, at Stuttgart (1890), Munich (1891), and Vienna (1894). He is interested in literature and music, and has published a number of works, among them Skaldengesange (1892) ; Dichtungen (18'.)2i ; Das Weihnachtsbuch (1892); Erich und Erika und mult re Erzahlungen fiir Kinder (1893): and Abenderzahlungen, Murelien und Trinime (1894). EULENSPIEGEL, oilcn-shpe'gel. Till orTTLL ( Ger., owlglass ) . A German of clownish wit. whose gross jests made his life the gathering point of popular tales of mischief. A Low Saxon account
