FERNANDEZ MADRID. 548 FER OLIGISTE. and political periodical, His other works include two tragedies, Atala (1822), and Guatimozin (1827) : .i valuable treatise on yellow fever: a book of poems; and various papers on medical, agricultural, and scientific subjects. His fugitive poems and the volume entitled Las Rosas are con- sidered his best works. FERNANDINA, fer'nan-de'na. An early name of Cuba, given in honor of Ferdinand of Castile. FERNANDINA, fer'nan-de'na. A city, port of entry, and the county-seat of Nassau County. Fla.. on Amelia Island. 30 miles north by east of Jacksonville; the terminus of the Florida Central and Peninsular Railroad (Map: Florida. G 1). It has a good harbor on Amelia River which separates the island from the mainland. The city carries on an export trade amounting annually to about .$4,600,000, the principal articles of shipment being phosphates, lumber, naval stores, cotton, etc. Fernandina is also a popular winter resort. Among points of interest in the vicinity are Amelia Beach, reached by a fine shell road, and Cumberland Island. The latter was the home of General Nathaniel Greene, and is the burial- place of 'Light Horse Harry' Fee. Settled by Spaniards in 1632, Fernandina was laid out in 1S56, and incorporated in 1850. The present gov- ernment is administered under a charter, last revised in 1899, which provides for a mayor, elected biennially, and a city council. The water- works and electric-light plant are owned and operated by the municipality. Population, in 1890, 2803;' in 1900, 3245. FERNAN'DO, Sp. pron. fer-niin'Dfi (1) The disloyal friend of Cardenio in Cervantes's Don Quixote. (2) A Venetian captain, the lover of Annophel, in Fletcher and Massinger's The Laws of Candy. (3) The son of the title character in Knowles's John of Procida, and husband of Is- oline, slain in the Sicilian Vespers. FERNANDO DE NORONHA, da no r.Vnya. A lonely island in the South Atlantic, situated in latitude 3° 50' S. and longitude 32° 25' YY., about 200 miles east-northeast of Cape Saint Roque, on the eoast of Brazil, to which it be- longs (Map: South America, F :i i . II is about 8 miles in length. The surface is rugged, rising in places to an altitude of about 1000 feel. The island, of wdrani igin. is well led and the soil i- productive, but lack >f sufficient rainfall prevent-, the growth of luxuriant vegetation. It is used as a place of banishment for Brazilian criminals. Population, 2000, mostly convicts, who cult ivate small farms. FERNANDO POO, 8p. pron. fSr-nan'do po'. A volcanic island in the Bight of Biafra, in lati- tude 3 "30' X. and longitude 8° 45' E., about 20 miles off the west coast ot Africa (Map: Congo Free State, 12). It is about It miles in length and 20 miles in breadth, with a total are it TTo square miles. It has a very moun- urface, rising to an altitude of over 9300 feel at the highest point The soil u fertile well watered, but the climate is excessively hot and unhealthful, the temperature varying little throughout the year, the average for ntli being 7 I !•'. ami for the warm- 32 I' The chief products are bananas, rice, yam rnd coi n. 'I he I cole i, insignificant. The population, composed of native negroes and Por- tuguese, i t ■ II wa !0,7 1 1. The island takes its name from the Portuguese navigator Fernan- do, or Fernao do Pao, who discovered it in the latter part of the fifteenth century. In 1778 it was occupied by Spain. In 1827 the English, with the consent of Spain, founded the colony of Clarencetown. which is now Santa Isabel, and has a population of about 1500. Being abandoned by the English in 1834, the island was again taken over by Spain a few years later. FERNANDYNE, fer'non-den. A character in Thomas Lodge's Rosalynde, the original of Jacques du Bois in As You Like It. FERNEY, or FERNEY-VOLTAIRE, far'- na' vol'tar'. A town in the Department of Ain, France, five miles northwest of Geneva (Map: France, M 5). It is noted as the resi- dence from 1758 to 1778 of Voltaire. A bronze statue of the philosopher is one of the ornaments of the town, and the chateau that he built, con- taining numerous personal relics, is annually visited bv a large number of tourists. Popula- tion, in 1*901, 1269. FERNEY, The Patriarch of. Voltaire, so called from his place of retirement near Geneva. FERNKORN, fern'korn, Anton Dominikus (1813-78). An Austrian sculptor, born at Erfurt, in the Province of Saxony. Prussia. He was a pupil of Stiglmayer and Von Schwanthaler at Munich, and in 1840 established himself, at Vienna, where he executed his first important work, the heroic equestrian statue "Saint George and the Dragon" (courtyard of the Montenuovo Palace). In 1858 he completed for the Cathe- dral of Speyer six of the eight free-stone statues of the German emperors there buried. He was ap- pointed director of the Imperial bronze-foundry at Vienna, and in that capacity did some of his best work I including the colossal esquestrian statues of the Archduke Karl and of Prince Eugene, I860 and 1865, in the Burgplatz. Vienna). He was skillful in his designs, but frequently inclined rather to the graphic than the truly plastic. FER'NOW, Bern hard Eduard (1851—). An American forester. He was born at Inowraclaw, Prussia, and was educated at the Academy of Forestry at Miinden, and at the University of Konigsberg. He came to the L'nited States in 187li. and became chief of the Division of Forestry in the United States Department of Agriculture in 18S6. This position he retained until 1898, when he was appointed director and dean of the New York State College of Forestry of Cornell University. For sonic time he was editor of The Funster. His publications include: The White Pine (1899) and Report upon Forestry Investigations of the I nited States Department of Agriculture, 1877-98 (1899), and the Eco nomics of Forestry (1902). The annual reports and bulletins of the Division of Forestry of the United Stales Department of Agriculture were edited by him from 1880 to 1898. FERN-OWL. See NlGHTJAB. FER OL'IGISTE fFr.. from fer, l.at. ferrum, iron I i ligiste. from Gk. cUiyurros, oligistos, least, from 6lyos. oligos, small: so called as containing less iron than its related magnetic oxide). A term Bometimes applied to those steel-gray va- rieties of hematite that have a metallic lustre, especially the ores from Elba, Russia, and Swe- den, which arc also called specular iron ore.
