HALLELUJAH. 483 HALLETTSVXLLE. slightly less dcgi'ee during tlu' octaves of Christ- mas, Epiphany, aud Corpus Christi, it is used continually at the end of antiphons, introits, communions, and other parts of the service. The three-fold repetition of it at the end of the mass, called the greater Alleluia, was in the Jliddle Ages sung by the deacon to a very pro- longed melody or neuma. (See Neumes.) HALLELUJAH VICTORY. The name given to the victory of the IJritons over the Fiots, at Mold, Flintshire, 'ale3, iMarch 30, 430, from the war-cry of the former, which had been suggested by Saint Germain, Tiishop of Auxcrre, on the eve of the battle. HALLEN, hal-lan', Axders (1846—). A Swedish dramatic composer, born at Giiteborg. He was educated under Rheinberger, Reineke, and Rietz, and from 1S72 to 1878 was con- ductor of the Giiteborg Musical Union, although he had important interests in Berlin, and re- sided there most of the time. He composed sev- eral important operas, which received their first presentation at the Royal Ojiera, Stockholm, of which in 1892 he became musical conductor; and also published numerous German and Swedish songs. His music, not generally known outside of Sweden and Germany, is exceedingly pojmlar among the Swedish singing societies of the United States. His compositions include the operas Harald der Vikin(j (1881), Hexfallen (1896), the song-cycles ]'nm Pafieii tind der Konigstixhtcr and Traiimkouig und sein Licb, symphonic poems, and choral rhapsodies. HALLER, hal'ler, Albrecht von (1708-77). .•Vn eminent physiologist, anatomist, botanist, and ])oct, born at Bern, Switzerland. Two years after the death of his father, an able ln«yer, he went, in 1723, to the University of Tubingen, where he became the ]nipil of the anatomist Duvernoy. In 1725 he removed to Leyden, where he obtained the degree of doctor of medicine in 1727. He then visited London, whence he proceeded to Oxford, and afterwards to Paris, where for six months he studied anatomy and botany; later lie became the pupil of .Johann Bernoulli, the celebrated mathematician, at Basel. He returned in his twenty-.second year to his native city, and commenced practice as a physician. The professor of anatomy, Meig, having fallen ill, Haller imdertook the duties of his class; he likewise devoted much of his time about this period to the botany of the Alps, and also published a descriptive poem. Die Alpen. In 1735 he was appointed physician to the hospital, and shortly afterwards principal librarian and curator of the cabinet of medals; but in 1736 he left Bern to become professor of medicine, anat- omy, botany, and surgery in the new university at Giittingen. For the next eighteen years he devoted himself wholly to teaching and to original research. He took an active part in the forma- tion of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Giit- tingen. and the memoirs of the society contain many of his papers. Dviring the period from 1736 to 1753 he published 86 works on medical siibjects. He was appointed physician to the King of England in 1730. In 175.3 he returned to Bern. Amnng his most important writings are his Elementa Plu/siolofiiw Corporis Uiimiini (1757- 66) — by far the most important of his works — and his four Bihliotheccc, or critical catalogues of works on botany, surgery, anatomy, and medicine. Haller's eminence as a man of science was didy recognized in his own lifetime. He was eiuioblcd by the Emperor of Germany in 1748, and the uniersities of Oxford and Utrecht in vain en- deavored to obtain him as their professor. His name is especially connected with the doctrine of muscular irritability. (See Muscle.) While his name is indelibly recorded in the annals of science, it should aNo be remembered that by his work as a poet Haller greatly contributed to the niovement which toward the end of the eightcentli century brought new life to German poetry. Others of his works were: Icones AniitomiccE (1743-50); Opuscula Pathologica (1755); and Opuscula Botanica (1749). For his Life, con- sult Frey (Leipzig, 1879). HALLES, ai, Les. A large building on the Grande Place of Bruges, Belgium, erected in the thirteenth century, now used as offices of the city Government, and as a market. Its massive bel- fry. 350 feet in height, is the subject of Longfel- low's poem "The Belfry of Bruges." It contains a remarkable set of chimes dating from 1748. HALLES CENTRALES, al saN'trAI'. The great central market of Paris, an enormous group of metal structures consisting of a system of pavil- ions planned to cover 22 acres. Between the pavil- ions are covered streets 48 feet in width, with a roof about 48 feet above the ground, intersected by an avenue 105 feet wide. Each pavilion is di- vided into 250 small shops, rented for 20 centimes a day, and beneath are cellars 12 feet in height. The provisions sold in the market are brought during the night in wagons, the total number of which is estimated at 15,000. The early hours of the morning to 8 o'clock in summer and 9 in winter are devoted to auction sales, after which the retail trade commences. HALOiETT, Benj.min Franklin (1797- 1802). An American statesman and editor, born at Barnstable. Mass., son of Benjamin llallett (1760-1849), the ship-master and founder of sail- ors' Bethels. He was educated at Brown Univer- sity, studied law, worked on a jiaper in Providence, R. I., and in 1827 became editor of the Boston Advocate, from which he resigned in 1831, be- cause his crusades against Masonry, against slavery, and in behalf of temperance were ruin- ing the .subscription list. He turned against Henry Clay when the latter refused to commit himself to the Anti-Masonic Party; and when ]Iasonry no longer was an issue, Hallett joined the Democratic Party. Long chairman of its na- tional committee, he did much to nominate Pierce and Buchanan. He was appointed district at- toi-ney by the former in 1853, and wrote the Democratic platform in 1856. HALLETTE, .^'li^t'. A. (1788-1846). A French mechanic, born at Arras, where he founded a machine-shop. He improved the hy- draulic press used for the extraction of oil. and invented n new system of pro])ulsion tubes for atmospheric locomotives, the tube propiilseur JJnUrlte. Consult his monograph with that title (Paris. 1844). HAL'LETTSVILLE. A city and the county- seat of Lavaca County. Tex., 101 miles west by south of Houston; on the San .Antonio and .Aran- sas Pass Railroad (Map: Texas. F 5). It car- ries on considerable trade in cotton, cottonseed
