JARVES. 146 JASMINE. 1860); Art Studies: The Old Masters of Jtahj (1801) ; T}w Art Idea, tfeulpturc, Painting, and Architecture in America (1806) ; Art Thoughts: T'hc Experiences and Observations of an Amateur in Europe (1809) : Glimpses at the Art of Japan (1876); and Italian Jianibles (1884). JAR'VIS, AnsAHAM (1739-181.3). A Protes- t;>iu E]ii:?(u|,al Ijislio]) of C'onncclicut. lie was born at Norwalk, graduated at Yale in 1701, and was ordained in England tliree years after- wards. He became rector of Christ Church, ^Middletown. was rejiarded as a Tory sympathizer because of his opjjosition to the indei)endence of the American Church durinc the Revolution, and in 1797 became second Bishop of Connecticut. JARVIS, Edward (1803-84). A physician, bom at Concord, Mass. He graduated at Har- vard in 1820 and at the Harvard iledical College in 1830, and subsequently practiced as a physi- cian successively in Concord, Mass., Louisville, Ky., and Dorclicster, !Mass. He interested him- self in the collection of vital statistics, and pub- lished reports and monograplis on this subject, amonjr which arc: I'hiisioloijy and Health; Ele- menlury Fhysiologij ; Ueports on the Xumber and Condition of the Insane and Idiots in Massa- chusetts. He was for many years after 1852 president of the American Statistical Associa- tion. JARVIS, .John- Wesley (1780-1840). An American portrait painter, born in South Shields, England. He was a nephew and namesake of the famous divine, wlio kept him till he was five years old, and then sent hira to join his sea- faring father in Philadeli)hia. The lad grow up with littls training, but on develojiing a taste for art he was encouraged in bis career by ilal- bone and other celebrated painters. He had a studio in Xew York, but went South for the win- ters. His principal portraits — of statesmen, churchmen, and naval heroes (1812-1.5) — are in the City Hall, Xew Y'ork. and in the collec- tion of the New York Historical Society, Jarvis was a conspicuous example of the artistic tem- perament — improvident, witty, eccentric, vain, cbservant, a noted story-teller, practical joker, and convivial spirit, whose work was often care- lessly left to pupils to finish. He has been con- sidered the pioneer of art anatomy in the Unit- ed States. He died in poverty. JARVIS, Sami-el Farmer (1786-1851). An American clergyman of the Protestant Episcopal Church, the son of Abraham Jarvis. He was born at Middletown. Conn.: graduated at Yale in 180.5, was ordained in 1810, and three years afterwards became rector of Saint .James's, Xew York, After a year in the chair of biblical criticism in the General nieological Seminary, he was rector of Saint Paul's, Boston (1820-20), then traveled and studied in Europe, and lived in Italy until 183.5, when he was appointed professor of Oriental literature at Trinity (then Wash- ington) College, As historiographer of the Epis- copal Cbureh in .merica, .Tarvis wrote A Chrono- loqicnl Intrnductinn tn the JTistorti of the Church (1844). He published, besides: The Jtrligion of the Indian Tribes of Sorth America (1820) : So Union irith Home (1843); and The Church of the liedrrmrd (1850). JA'SHER, Book of (Hob. sfpher hniiynshnr, honk of the upright. Ok. Ptpiov toC ei$(tvs, hiblion tou euthous. Lat, liber justorum; the Peshitto (SjTiac) version has scplier ashir, book of song or songs). One of the lost books of the Hebrews. It is mentioned twice in the Old Testa- ment (.Joshua X. 13; II. Sam. i. 18), and the Septuagint makes it probable that the words attributed to Solomon in I. Kings viii. 12, 13, arc quoted from this book. All that can be slated about this lost production is that it was a collection of songs, and that the .songs were probably of a national character. The two un- doubted extracts preserved — (a) the conmuiud of Joshua to the sun and moon to stand still ; (b) the lament over Saul and Jonathan ascribed to David — breathe a spirit which accords with other specimens of early Hebrew poetry. The name 'Book of the Tpright' is diincult to under- stand. It may have referred to Israel, but it is also possible that the title (perhaps to be read yashir, "he sings') really has some con- nection with '.song,' as the Peshitto takes it. The 'lost book' naturally attracted forgers, and in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries no less than three dilTerent works purporting to be the lost Book of .Jasher were |)roduced, and in 1751 another, claiming to have been trans- lated from Hebrew by 'Aliuin of Britain,' was brought forth. This excited considerable interest for a time, but eventually it was proved to be a forgery, and was traced to Ilivc a Ixmdon printer. It was republished in 1S27. The Hook of .lasher is also the title of a ritualistic treati.se by Jacob ben Meir (died 1171). and of several other works of an ethical or legal character writ- ten liy .Tewish scholars. JASMIN, zhAs'mriN', J.CQUES (1799-1864). A Provencal poet, born March 6, 1779. at -Vgen, where he died, October 4. 1804. His real name ^•as .Jacques Boe. He was apprenticed to a hairdresser, who bad been a soldier of Xa|iole(m. At eighteen Jasmin was writing verses and <lress- ing hair. Hence his name "The Barber Poet." His four collections of PapiUotos or Curl-l'apers (1825, 1843, 1851, 1853) were naive little occa- sional verses revealing much native power. The Houcenirs (1830) are a winning mixture of hu- mor and pathos in their tale of his early strug- gles for literary recognition. The Blind flirl of Castel-Cuillr (1835) is accessible in a good trans- lation by Longfellow. Fran^ounclto (1840). a narrative poem, is Jasmin's most sustained work, and won general recognition. Jasmin was re- ceived into the Legion of Honor in 1846. In ] 852 his works were crowned by the Academy. He is the poetic father of Mistral (q.v.) and the Felibres. There is an .edition of his ^Yor^:s, with a French translation (1860). Consult: Eabain, Jasmin, sa rie et ses trnrrrs (Limoges, 1867) ; Moutrond. Jasmin, poetc d'.igen (Lille, 1875) ; Andrien, Vie de Jasmin (.gen. 1882) ; Sainte-Beuve. Portraits covtemporains, vol. iii. (Paris. 1881-82). Consult: Smiles. Barber, Poet, Philanthropist (Xew Y'ork. 1892). JASMINE, jils'min, or JESSAMINE (OF., Fr. iaxinin. from Ar. yasmin. frmii Puis, yasmin, jasmine). Jasminum. A genus of plants, chiefly natives of the warm parts of Asia, which belong to the natural order Oleace.'e. containing about 100 species of shrubs, some of tbeni climbing, and many of them having exquisitely fragrant flow- ers. This genus has the cal.-x and corolla each five or eight cleft, two stamens attached to and included within the tube of the white or yellow corolla, and a two-Iobed berry, one of the lobes
