JARDIN DACCLIMATATION. 143 JARVES. rianent exhibition of articles connected with gar- dening, a dairy, an aquarium, greenhouses, an aviary, a winter garden, establishments for fat- tening poultry and rearing carrier pigeons, and several cafes. The garden, which was greatly damaged in 1871 during the siege of Paris, is a favorite resort. JARDIN DES PL ANTES, da plaxt (Fr., garden of plants ) . A botanical and zoological garden in Paris, founded at the beginning of the seventeenth centuiy. It was at first called Jardin du Eoi. JARDINE, jar'din. Sir WiixiAii (1800-74). A Scottish naturalist, born in Edinburgh, and educated at its university. He succeeded his father in the baronetcy at the age of twenty. Ornithologv' was the first of the natural sciences to claim his attention, but he went on to the study of fishes, monkeys, felidse, pachyderms, and ruminants, writing himself fourteen volumes on these subjects and on birds in a series of books which he edited called The Xuturalist's Library (40 vols., 1833-4.5). Sir William made a collec- tion representing 6000 species of birds, was a commissioner on the salmon fisheries, member of the British Association, and author of a Cal- endar of Ornitholoyij (1849) : The lehnology of Aiuiandale {IS53] ■.' British l<almonidw (1861); and The Birds of flrnit Britain and Ireland (4 vols.. 1876). JARDIN MABILLE, zhar'dax' maTjel'. A former very popular resort in Paris, founded in 1840 by a dancer, ilabille. It was a favorite gathering-place of the demi-monde, and with its brilliant illuminations, fountains, flower-beds, and other attractions, became one of the cele- brated sights of Paris. The Mabille introduced many novelties in dances, among them the can- can, brought in by C'hicard. The place was closed in 1875. and its clientage was absorbed by other similar resorts. JARTiEY, Mrs. A character in Dickens's Old Curiosity Shop, proprietor of a wax-works show, who befriends Little Nell. JARNAC, zhar'n.^k'. A town in the Depart- ment of Charente, France, known as the scene of a battle fought on ilarch 13, 1.569. between 26.000 Catholics imder the Duke of Anjou. after- wards Henry III., and 1.5.000 Huguenots under Louis. Prince of Conde. The latter were com- pletely routed and their leader was killed. See Huguenots. JARNDYCE. jam'dis. JoHX. A kind-hearted character in Dickens's Bleak House, a principal in the famous Chancery suit of .Jarndyce rs. .Tarn- dyre. The suit is intended as a satire on Court of Chancery methods. JARO, Hil'ro. A to«-n of Leyte. Philippines, situated in the northern part of the island, 15 miles west by south of Tacloban (Map: Philip- pine Islands.'.! 8). Population, in 1898, 9482. JAROCHOWSKI, vil'ro-KAv'ske. KAZiims (1829-88). A Polish historian, bom at Sokol- niki. and educated at Posen and Berlin. He took part in the Polish uprising of 1848. but in 1862 entered the Prussian magistracy, and resigned in 1882. He died soon after his election to the Prussian Diet. His historical studies deal especially with Poland under the Saxon kings. Among them the more important are: Teka Podoskiego (1854-61): Wielkopolska w czasie pierwszej icojny szwedzkiej (1864); Dzieje panowania Augusta II. (1856-74); Opo- wiadania i stadia (1860-84) ; and Literatura pns- naiiska (1880). JAROSLATJ, ya'ro-slou'. The capital of a district of (jalicia, Austria, and an important garrison town on the San, an affluent of the Vistula, 130 miles east of Cracow by rail (Map: Austria. HI). It is an industrial centre, with manufactures of textiles, pottery, bricks, tutty, and spirituous liquors. There is also a consid- erable trade in agricultural produce, hides, and lumber. Population, in 1890, 18,065; in 1904, 22,614. JAROSLAV, ya'ro-slaf. A Russian govern- ment and its capital. See Yaboslav. JARRIC, zha'rsk', LoL^s Etiexne, Chevalier de (1757-91). A West Indian revolutionist, born at Aux Cayes, Haiti. He had no legitimate claim to the name he bore; but his father had him well educated, and he was in France at the time of the Revolution, serving as a captain. A mulatto himself, he started a society in Paris called Friends of the Blacks, but it did not flour- ish, so he sailed for Haiti in 1790 with a supply of arms. The.se he distributed among the dis- affected negroes, and he headed a band of 700 which, through a victory over the regulars, was increased to 2500; but they were defeated near the river Saint Vincent, and Jarric was tortured to death. JAR'ROW-ON-TYNE. A municipal borough and seaport in Durham, England, on the estuary of the Tyne, 514 miles east of Newcastle (Map: England, E 2). Formerly a small colliery vil- lage, it was made a municipality in 1875. Its growth was due to the establishment of large iron ship-building and marine-engine works, blast- furnaces, iron-foundries, gim. paper, and chem- ical factories. It makes extensive shipments of coal. On the banks of Jarrow Lake are the Tyne docks, with quays, etc., covering about 300 acres. The town maintains quays, an infectious-diseases hospital, and recreation-gioimds. The Venerable Bede was born in -Jarrow. and lived, and wrote, and died in the Benedictine monastery built there in 682, of which there are remains. Population, in 1891. 33.700; in 1901, 34.300. JARVES, jar'ves, James Jacksox (1820- 88). An American author and art collector, born in Boston. He made an extensive tour in South America and the Pacific Islands, and re- sided at Honolulu for a nimiber of years. After he left Honolulu he was in charge of various Government missions. In 1851 he went to Europe, and afterwards settled in Florence, where from 1879 until 1882 he was vice-consul and ricting consul. He spent much time making a collection of objects of art, and was success- ful in bringing together a number of fairly representative paintings of the different Euro- pean schools. His collection of Venetian glass is in the iletropolitan Museum. New York City, and the picttires and sculptures are divided be- tween the .-Vrt School of Yale University and the Hollenden fiallery. Cleveland. Ohio. His publica- tions include: Parisian flights and French Prin- ciples (1853): Art nints. Architecture, flculp- iure. and Painting (18551: Kiana : A Tradition of Hairaii (1855): Italian Sights and Papal Pfinciples. Seen Through American Spectacles (1855) ; Confessions of an Enquirer (1857 and
