JEHU. 168 JELLINEK. and also Ahaziah, King of Juilah, who was on a visit to the King of Israel. He also had Jozcbel, the wife of Aliab, put to death, and, not content with this, brought al)out a wholesale massacre of Ahab's (or .loram's) family, and also of forty- two kinsmen of Ahaziah. This story of .Jehu's con- spiracy is told (II. Kings ix.-x. ) in connccUun with the narrative of tlic Prophet Klijah. .lehu's deeds are portrayed as retril)ulion for the judi- cial murder of Naboth (1. Kings xxi.), and he is represented as the instrument of Yalnveh to bring about the destruction of Ahab. Such an inter- pretation, of course, reilects the later religious point of view ; but it would seem that .Jcliu indeed posed as the devotee of Yahwch, for he follows up his destruction of the house of Ahab by an extermination of the prophets and priests of Baal. By a cunning stratagem he collects them together in the temple coiut and puts them to death (II. Kings x. 18-28). Whatever his motives may have been, 'he does not appear in the light of a "religious reformer to the later Old Testament writers, who cannot disguise the fact that .Jehu was not a Yahwch-worshiper according to their ideals. In fact, he maintained the "high places' with the Canaanitish rites and associa- tions, and the triumph of Yahwch simply meant for Jehu an absorption of Baal's role by the Hebrew deity. The political activity of .Jehu was mainly directed toward the subjugation of .ludah, which' under Ahab had practically become a vassal of Israel. (See Jeiioshapiiat.) At the close of his reign, however, .Judah was in a somewhat more favorable position than at the beginning. In n.c. 842. shortly after mounting the throne. Jehu ])urchased the favor of Shalma- neser II. of .Assyria by rich gifts. The Assyrian king laid siege "to Da"mascus. and on his return from his campaigns erected a monument in Nine- veh (the so-called black obelisk of Shalmaneser II., now in the British lluseum), on which, among other events, he depicted this tribute of Jehu. The latter, however, gained little by curry- ing favor with Assyria. Syria again began to stfr itself and assumed the offensive against Israel, and before the end of Jehu's reign his kingdom was weakened on various sides, though he was able to hand over the succession to his son .Tchoahaz (q.v.). JEH'Cr. A popular term for a driver, espe- cially for one who drives rapidly, derived from Jehii. the son of Nimshi, mentioned in II. Kings ix. 20. JEJXJ'NTJM: (Xeo-Lat., from Lat. jrjutms, eniptv). The middle portion of the small intes- tine, "situated between the duodenum and the ileum, and forming about one-third of the length of this portion of the intestinal tract. It derives its name from the fact that in post-mortem exam- inations it is almost always foimd empty. The jejunum is wider, more vascular, and of a deeper color than the ileum; its walls are also much thicker, but there is no sharp line of division between the two portions. The surface for absorp- tion is much increased by folds of the mucous membrane and the submucous tis.sue. the ralnilw cmtnii^entes. which are also present in the upper half of the ileum. JEKTLL. DorTOR. See Stbaxge Case of Dr. Jkkyt.i. Axn Mr. H-sde. JELALABAD. jf-la'l.n-had', or JALALA- BAD. A town oif Afghanistan, 75 miles east of Kabul, on the Kabul River, near the Khybcr Pass (Map: Afghanistan, M 4). Its defenses were destroyed at the British evacuation of Af- ghanistan in I84'2. The town occupies a very strong natural position, and is the winter resi- dence of the Ameer of .fghanistan. Poi)ulation, about ;iOOO. The place was heroically defended by Sir Robert Sale against the Afghans in 1842. JELF, William Edwahu (1811-7'i). An Eng- lish divine and classical scholar, son of Sir .lames Jelf. of (Uoucestershire, and brother of Dr. Rich- ard illlam .lelf. He was born at tJlouecster, and was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford. From 1840 to 1848 he was one of the
hitehall preachers, and in 1857 gave the Bamp-
lon Lectures iM'forc the university. His most important publication was his (Irammar of the (itnl: LftiHiiKKic, chietly from the German of Ra])hael Kiihner (2 vol's., Oxford, 1842-45: 4th ed. 18l)t)l, which was considered a marked im- l)rovcnient on all earlier Greek grammars in the English language. JELLACHICH DE BUZIM, yel'li-ehfch do bmT'tsem, JosKPli, ( 'oiuit (ISdl-'s!)). Ban of tiroatia. He was born at Peterwardein, in Sla- vonia, October IC, 1801. His father, the descend- ant of an old Croatian family, was a general in the Austrian service and attained some dis- tinctiim in the Turkish and Napoleonic wars. Jose])h .lellaeliich, after several years of service on the Turkisli frontier, in which he distinguished himself by his courage and skill, became colonel of the first border regiment of Croatia. In 1848 he was ajipoiiiteil by the Emperor Ferdinand general anil Ban or Governor of Croatia, and as such he headed the movement of the Southern Slavs of Hungary against Magj'ar domination. He was urged on "in this course by the Court of Vienna, which saw in him a convenient instru- ment for checking the progress of the revolu- tion in Hungary. In September, 1848, .Icllachieh invaded Hungary with a powerful army and advaiK'cd upon Hudajiest. He was- rei)ulsed at Pftkozd (September 2i)th), but efrected a junc- tion with Windischgriltz before Vienna, and de- feated Perczel at Moor (December 2!)th). He sufTered a disastrous defeat at Kis-Hcgycs. and after the termination of the revolutionary strug- gle returned to .Agram as Ban. He was made a count ill 1855, and died at Agram, May 10, 1859. He iniblished a volume of poems, among them military songs which became popular. JELLINEK, yel'li-nek. Adolf (1821-9:)). An .ustri:in .li'wish theologian, born at Drslawitz, and cducati'd at I^rague and Leipzig. He was a rabbi in Leipzig, and, after 1857, in Vienna, where he founded a school for the study of the Talmud. A famous preacher, he wrote: Sefat Ch(irli(iinhim, explaining Persian and Arabic words in the Tajniud (1846-47) : licitriiqe zur flesrhichte dcr 'Kahhala (1851-52); Auswnhl kabbnlisti/irhcr Mystik (1852) ; Thomas t'ou .4f/»i)'o in dcr jiiditrhen TJtteralur (1853) ; Phi- h,f,ophk und Kfihhnia (1854); Dcr jiidische Slamm (ISCiO); Drr jiidische Sfamm in nicht- jiidischcn Sprichitortcni (1881-85) ; and, in He- brew, a collection of essays, Kontresim (1877- 84). JELLINEK, Georg (1851 — ). A German jurist, son of .Adolf Jellinek. He was bom at Leipzig, and was educated there, at Vienna, and at Heidelberg. Leaving the employ of the Aus-
