JERUSALEM CHERRY. 187 JESHTTRXJN. fusion of bright red or yellow fruits about one- balf an inch in diameter, which constitute the chief beauty of the plant. It is easily propa- gated either by seeds or cuttings. JERUSALEM CORN. A variety of non- saccharine sorghum. (See SoRGHUM, paragraph Xon-sacchaiiiic. JERUSALEM CREED. A confession of faith taught by Cyril of .Jerusalem in his cate- chetical lectures before 350. It is preserved as follows in Cyril's discourses: "I believe in one God, the Father Almighty, maker of heaven and earth, and of all things visible and invisible; and in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only begotten Son of God, begotten of the Father before all worlds, very God, by whom all things were made, who was incarnate and made man, crucified and buried, and the third day ascended into the heavens, and sat down at the right hand of the Father; and is coming to judge quick and dead. And in the Holy Ghost, the paraclete, who spake by the prophets; and in one baptism for the re- mission of sins ; and in one holy catholic church ; and resurrection of the flesh ; and in life everlast- ing." JERUSALEM DELIVERED. See Gebc- SALEMME LiBKRAT.V. JERUSALEM OAK. An herb of Southern Europe. See Ciienopodium. JER'VIS, .JoHX, Earl of Saint Vincent ( 1735- 182.'i). A British admiral. The second son of Swynfen -Jervis, barrister, he was bom at Jlea- ford, Staffordshire. After education at Burton- on-Trent and at Greenwich, he entered the na-y in 1749. He obtained a commission as lieutenant in 175.5, and during some years was engaged in active service on the North American station. In 1769 he commanded the Alarm frigate in the ilediterranean, and when it was paid off made a tour of inspection of the naval arsenals of France and Northern Europe. His next command was the Foudroi/ant. of 80 guns, the finest two- deck ship in the British Navy. Engaging the Pegase, 74 guns, ofT Brest, in 1782, he took her without the loss of a man. In 1787 he was made rear-admiral, and in 1793 commanded the naval part of the expedition against the West India Islands, Sir C. Grey commanding the troops. Although the French were well prepared and fought desperately, every island fell in suf^^cession into the hands of the British. In 1795 he re- ceived the command of the Mediterranean fleet. On February 14, 1797, with 15 sail of the line, he encountered the Spanish fleet of 27 sail off Cape Saint Vincent, and the battle of Saint Vin- cent was fought. The genius of Nelson contrib- uted greatly to the success of the day. For this victory the King created .Jervis Earl of Saint Vincent, and Parliament settled upon hira a pension of £3000 a year. After having, by great firmness, repressed a mutiny oflF Cadiz, which threatened the loss of the whole fleet, he was compelled by ill health to return home. He was soon applied to by Government to subdue the spirit of sedition which had openly manifested itself in the Channel fleet, and his endeavors were eminently successful. After having held the appointment of First Lord of the Admiralty, and at the age of seventy-two for a second time com- manded the Channel fleet, he retired into private life, and died March 13, 1823. A public monu- VoL. XI.— 13. ment was erected to his memory in Saint Paul's Cathedral. Saint Vincent ranks among the fore- most naval commanders who broke the maritime power of France and Spain and established the naval supremacy of Great Britain. JER'VIS, .John Bloomfield (1795-1885). An American civil engineer. He was bom at Hunt- ington, N. Y., and was brought up at Rome, N. Y. After receiving a common-school educa- tion he entered the employ of the Erie Canal ; was promoted in two years from a.xeman to resi- dent engineer in charge of seventeen miles of the canal, and in 1824 was in control of one-seventh of the canal. In the following year he became assistant engineer of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Co.; in 1830 became chief engineer of the Albany and Schenectady Railroad; and in 1836. after taking a prominent part in the enlargement of the Erie Canal, began the work of constructing the Croton Aqueduct. The Coehituate Aqueduct (Bo.ston) and the Hudson River Railroad be- tween New York and Albany were constructed largely from his plans and under his supervision. He retired in 1858 from the presidency of the Rock Island ; but after three years was chosen superintendent of the Pittsburg and Fort Wayne Railroad, and in two years brought its stock up from a value of eight cents on the dollar to a point where it paid a dividend of 10 per cent. He received the degree of LL.D. from Hamilton College in 1878. Port Jervis, N. Y., was named in his honor. He wrote: Railioay Property (1859); The Construction and Management of Kailic<iys ( I86I ) ; and Labor and Capitol (1877). JERVOIS, jer'vois, Sir William Francis Drlmmond (1812-97). An English soldier and engineer, born at Cowes, Isle of Wight. After early education at Gosport and 'oolwich. he entered the Royal ililitary Academy at AVool- wich in 1837, and two years later received a commission in the Royal Engineers. In 1841 he proceeded to the Cape of Good Hope, and for seven years was engaged in professional duties, besides being employed in active service against the Boers and Kaffirs. He returned to England in 1848; continued on active engineering duty; received various promotions; and in 1856. when commanding royal engineer of the London Mili- tary District, was appointed assistant inspector- general of fortifications. In 1857, during the threatened war with France, he was made secre- tary of the National Defense Committee. His re- port and recommendations for the defenses of London and the nation were accepted by Parlia- ment and carried into effect. In 1862 he was appointed director of works and fortifications, and in 1863 inspected the fortifications of Canada and its eastern seaboard, also visiting the prin- cipal Eastern forts of the United States during the Civil War. Until 1874 he was actively en- gaged at home and in the colonies, superintend- ing the execution of the system of Imperial de- fense which constitutes his chief claim to recog- nition. From 1875 to 1877 he was Governor of the Straits Settlements: from 1878 to 1882 he was Governor of South Australia : and from 1882 to 1889 was Governor of New Zealand. JESH'URUN (Heb. Yeshiirun). A poetical or symbolical name for Israel, used three times in Deuteronomy fxxxii. 15: xxxiii. 5. 26) and once in Isaiah (xliv. 2). Tlie underlying stem
