JIGS. 226 JINGO-KOGO. a separation is effeeteil between the heavier and lighter materiak. See Oke-Dbessisg. JIM CROW. A negro song (1835) produced by T. D. Kice in Louisville, Ky., and at the Adelphi in London. It attained great popularity, and is still one of the most familiar of negro minstrel songs. JIMENES, UL-mfi'nas. See Ximexes. JIMENEZ ARANDA, Hi-ma'nath i-ran'dd, Joat (1S37— ). A Spanish ])ainter and illustra- tor, born at Seville, where he studied art tinder Cano. He worked at Rome from 1872 to 1875, and then returned to Seville. Among his more important works are: "Figaro's Shop" (1S75): "A Sermon in the Courtyard of the Cathedral of Seville" (187!' ): "A ilishap at a Bull Fight" (1880) ; ••The Bibliophiles" (1880) ; "An Afternoon at Seville" (1881); ••Veterans of the First Republic" (1884) ; "News from the Seat of War" (1885): "Chess Players;" and "Hospital Scenes." He painted in oil and aqua- relle, and his work was marked by fresh color- ing. His illustrations, es]K'cially those in pen and ink for the poems of De Arte and many in Paris lUustre and La Reiuc llhistrc, are well known botli in France and Spain. — His brother, Luis Jim£.ez (1845 — ), also a genre painter, s])ent many years in Italy, and in 1875 estab- lished himself in Paris. Among liis better-known works are: '•Drummers of the Republic" (1877) ; "A Patio in Seville" (1878) ; •'Music at the Inn" (1878); "Waiting for the Cardinal" (1882); and "The Old Bachelor" (1885). JIMENEZ DE RADA, da rii'oa. Rodrigo (c.l 170-1247). A Sjianish historian, born prob- ably in Navarre. He was educated in Paris, entered the Franciscan Order, and became Arch- bishop of Toledo in 1208. Afterwards he was made cardinal. He wrote at the bidding of Saint Ferdinand of Castile his Historia Gothica, which he himself translated into Castilian as the Hi.s- loria de los Godos (c.1241). It covers the time from the invasion of the Goths to the year 1243. Other works by him include the Fuero Juzgo (Forum Judicttm), a code of laws introduced by Ferdinand. JIM'MIT TEN'NO ( Sinico-Japanese, 'Jimmu the Emperor'). The lirst ruler of .Japan, and the reputed founder of the line of mikados that has continued to the present time, ilutsu-hito. the Jlikado now on the throne, being the hundred and twenty-first, or. according to some, the hun- dred and twenty-third. He was said to have been a descendant in the fifth degree of Ten-sho Dai-jin. or Amaternsu. the sun-goddess. His reign is said to have begim in tlie year B.C. 660, and to have ended in B.C. 581. after having con- quered all his enemies in the south and west, and established his throne in Yaniato. the region in ■which the city of Kioto is now situated. There he married a lady named Hime-tatara-isuzu-hime- no-mikoto, daughter of one of the rulers of the country. He is said to have died at the age of 137. His burial-place is situated on an isolated hill on the northeast side of Mount Unebi. in Yamato. His anniversary is February 11th. when salutes are fired in his honor. The era of Jimmu Tenno is that from which the .Japanese reckon. Jf he ever existed, he was probably one of the early — or perhaps the earliest — irfvaders of Japan, entering the country from the south- west. JIMSON 'WEED. A weed of the nightshade family. Sue SxK.VMOXllM. JINGAX (Hind, jangul, !Maratlii jcjal, swivel- guu). A long, heavy musket or small gun, using a ball weighing a quarter of a pound or more, fonnerly much xised in China and Korea, and still employed to some extent. It is sujiported when being aimed by an iron crutch pivoted about the middle of the barrel. It is usually breech- loading, and fitted to be charged by a separate brass chamber inserted into the bore and held in place by a wedge-shaped key. JINGLE, Alfred. In Dickens's I'irhuich Papers, an impostor, calling himself Charles Fit/. Marshall, who foists himself upon the trav- eling members of the Pickwick Club. He is an itinerant actor, with ingratiating manners and a smooth tongue, and after playing various tricks upon Mr. Pickwick and his companions, gets into jail, wlicncc he is taken by Mr. Pickwick. JINGLE-SHELL. A species of Anomia. a bivalve shell related to the oyster, in which the upper valve is convex, smooth or rough, while the lower valve is concave, with a deep rounded notch in front of the cartilage process ; the animal is anchored by a plug passing through the notch in the lower valve. It lives attached to oysters and other shells, and these are modified so as to acquire the irregular form of the surface on which they rest. One sjM'cies lives on the coast of Northeastern America; but the jingle-shell proper is a larger golden-yellow species from the tropics. JINGOISM I from jingo, perhaps a corruption of Saint Giiifiulphus, or a corruption of Basque Jinkcxi, Jaiitknn. Jeiiikoa, contracted from Jaun- yuicoa, Jangoiena, lord of the high. God). A term coined from the ancient slang expression 'by .Jingo,' owing to an incident of British politics in 1877. when England was undecided whether to interfere forcibly in the war between Russia and Turkey. The" Liberals, led by Gladstone, were in favor of leaving Turkey to itself, while the Conservatives, under Lord Beaconsfield, the Premier, were determined to protect Turkey from Russia. During the winter of 1877-78 the excitement in London became intense, and wher- ever the fighting spirit prevailed it freely found vent in a doggerel first sung at a music hall : " We don't want to flpht, but by Jingo, If we do. We've ffot the ships, we" ve got the men.we'vfigot the money too." '.Jingo!' shouted with a significant emphasis, was derisively cast as a nickname at the warlike party. The term, corresponding to 'spread eagle- ism' in America and rhauviitisme in France, has ever since been applied to the warlike advocates of British Imperial sway, and has been taken up with the same meaning in the L'nited States. JINGO-KOGO, jlnjr'6 ko'go ( Sinico-.Japanese, .Jingo the Empress) . A legendary ruler of .Japan, named Okinaga-Tarashi-JIime, wife of Chiu-ai, the fourteenth :Mikado (A.n. 191-200). A rebel- lion having broken out in Kiushiu, he set out to suppress it. accompanied by his wife, then with child. He died in camp, -a fact which she suppressed, and having appointed a general to continue the war there, she assumed the regency, assembled another great army, and fitted out a
