JINGO-KOGO. 227 JIKECEK. fleet to invade Korea. She led the expedition in person, and so formidable was the armada that the King of Shiraki became terror-stricken on its approach and immediately submitted, swearing to pay tribute to Japan forever. The kings of Konia and Kudara also submitted on the same terms : and, laden with gifts and bringing many hostages, the warlike Regent returned after an absence of nearly three years to Japan and gave birth to a child, who afterwards became Ojen Tenno, the fifteenth Mikado, and later was can- onized as Hachiman, the god of war. As Regent his mother ruled Japan until a.d. 270. She is worshiped to this day under the name of Kashi Dai iliojin. On her legendary conquest of Korea are based the traditional claims of Japan upon that country. JINIGAKAN, He'ne-ga-ran', or GINIGA- KAN. A town of the Province of Western Xe- grus, Pliilippines, situated on the west coast of the Island of Xegros, 28 miles south of Bacolod (Map: Philippine Islands, G 9). Population, in 1898, 13.620. jmN (Ar., from janna, to be veiled, be dark), often written Gexii. Supernatural beings of Arabic folk-lore and religion. Mohammed be- lieved in their existence, and the seventy-second sura of the Koran is named after them. Accord- ing to tradition, the Prophet recognized five or- ders of such creatures. They are both male and female : eat, drink, and propagate their kind, and die. though they generally live very long. Some are good, some bad : some are ^Mohammedans, some infidels. They were created two thousand years before Adam of smokeless fire, and in the early time were ruled by a race of kings each named Solomon. Their home is the mountains called Kaf, supposed to encompass the earth : but they haunt all sorts of places, rivers, ruined buildings, ovens, baths, etc. They are in the sea, on land, and in the air. They assume what form they choose, and appear to men as dogs, cats, serpents, and in other animal forms, as human beings, and in the whirlwinds, dust-clouds, and the like. They are the authors of many of the ills to which men are subject, but also confer benefits, and, in general, whatever the mind of the untutored cannot conceive of as done by human means is ascribed to them. It was they who built the pyramids. Solomon, son of David, acquired great power over them, and innumerable stories are told of the great things he accom- plished with their help. They are identical with the spirits and demons that play so large a part in the religious literature of the Babylonians and Assyrians. Consult: .lastrow. Religion of Baby- lonia and Assyria, chap. xvi. (Boston. 1898); Fossey, La mayie assyrienne, chap. ii. (Paris, 1902) ; and, for the Arabian demons. Lane, ilan- vrrs and Customs of the Modern Egi/ptians (Lon- don, 1837) : id.. The Thotisand and One yights, notes (London. 18.38-40). JIN-RIKI-SHA, jln-rik'^-sha ( Sinico-.Tap- anese, man-power vehicle). A light two-wheeled hooded carriage, much resembling a miniature hansom cab without the driver's seat at the back. It is drawn by a man. however, instead of a horse. Near the outer end of the shafts is a cross-piece used by the runner in pulling the carriage. With a cord attached to the cross- bar, one or two or more out-runners can assist when extra speed is needed or the burden is espe- cially heavy, though ordinarily the jin-riki-sha is almost wholly a single or double passenger vehicle only. The hiici, or puller, is not usually troubled with very much clothing in summer time. He can go at a great pace for long dis- tances, frequently from 30 to 40 miles a day, ar- riving at his destination apparently as fresh as when he started. An American Baptist mission- ary named Goble claimed the invention of the jin-riki-sha, in 1869; but Takayama Kosuka of Tokio was the first to obtain Government per- mission to run the new vehicles, early in the same year, and another Japanese improved the rude original by supplying springs and design- ing the hood or calash top, adding wheel-guards. Then followed a period of lavish decoration. The change from the kago, or palanquin, was easily made, the bearers becoming pullers. At present the decoration is very simple, generally confined to the family crest or to a single symbol. The jin-riki-sha has been introduced into several Asiatic coimtries, and in India is vulgarly called "rickshaw," and has even found a place in litera- ture. Lseful applications of this vehicle have been made in the army. JIBASEK, ye'ra-shek, Alois (1851—). A Bohemian historical novelist, born at Hronov. In 1888 he became professor in a gymnasium at Prague. His novels, covering Bohemian history from the earliest times, include: yevolnice, on the heathen period; a trilogy Mezi proudy, on the times of Huss; and Maryla and T'ci zich shiihach, dealing with the period after Huss. His collected works, including several dramas, were published at Prague (1899 sqq. ). JIBECEK, ye'ra-chek, Herjiexegild (1827 — ). A Bohemian writer on Slavic law, bom at Hohenmauth, in Bohemia, and educated at Prague. He became an official in the Depart- ment of Public Education when he was twenty- seven. His earliest literary activity was in the field of fiction, and he published a collection of tales, yoiely. in 1853. His writings on Slavic history, law, and literature include: Veher Eigen- tumsrerhtzungen und deren Rechtsfolgen nach dem nltbohmitchen Rechte (1855); Die Echt- heit der Koniginhofer Handschrift (1862. with his brother Josef) : in Bohemian, a work on Slavic law up to the tliirteenth century (1863-73), and a collection of Slavic folk laws (1880); Codex Juris Bohemici (1867-98) ; Antiquce Boemiw Top- ographia Historica (1892) ; and Vnser Reich vor 2000 Jahren (1893), continued by Vnser Reich zur Zeit der Gehurt Christi (1896). JIRECeK. .Josef (1825-88). A Bohemian educator, scliolar. and critic, brother of the pre- ceding, born at Hohenmauth, and educated .at Prague. In 1871 he was made ^Minister of Public Instruction in Hohenwart's Cabinet, from which he was forced by German opposition. His earlier literary- work was mainly educational, including the valuable manual Anthologie z literatury ceske ( 1858-61 ) . Besides his work in Old Czech gram- mar, and an essay written together with his brother. Hermenegild .Tirecek, entitled Die Echt- heit drr Koniginhofer Handschrift (1862). men- tion should be made of his valuable reprints from Bohemian literature, including works of Koldin (1870) and Dalimil's chronicles (1878) ; of the two histories of literature, general and encyclo- piedic, to the close of the eighteenth century, Rukovetk dejindm literatury ceske (1874-75), his
