Pacific, and was for some years a commissioner of the naval board, and governor of the naval asylum at Philadelphia.
JONES, Jenkix Lloyd (1843—). An Ameri-
can Unitarian clerg^'man and author, born at
Llandyssil, Cardisanshire, Wales. He was
brougiit to Wisconsin when but a year old. He
swerved in the Civil War: at its close studied
theology in Jleadville. Pa., and afterwards be-
came pastor of All Souls' Church. .Janesville, Wis.
(1874-8.3). Afterwards he was in charge of
All Souls', Chicago. He lectured for the Chi-
cago University extension course, and publislied
Practical Pict>i (1890); The Seven Great Reli-
gions (1804) ; Word of the Spirit (1897) ; and
Jess: Bits of Wayside Gospel (1897).
JONES, John (1729-91). An American sur-
geon, born at Jamaica, N. Y., of Welsh descent.
He studied medicine at Paris, Leyden, London,
and Edinburgh ; practiced in New York ; became
professor of surgery in King's College : and, with
Dr. S. Bard, founded the New York Hospital
(1771). When New York was occupied by the
British, he went to Philadelphia, where he was
elected one of the physicians of the Pennsylvania
Hospital; and in 1787, on the institution of the
College of Physicians of Philadelphia, he was
elected vice-president. He was Washington's
family physician in Philadelphia, and the inti-
mate friend and physician of Frankliiii. whom he
attended in his last illness. He published Plain
Remarks upon Wouiirls and Fractures (177.5),
republished with a memoir, by Dr. Jlease (179.5).
Jones was a skillful operator, and especially well
known for his success in lithotomy.
JONES, John Pail (1747-92). A famous
naval oflicer in the American Revolution, born
in Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland, July 6, 1747.
His name was originally .John Paul, '.Jones'
being subsequentl}' added for reasons unknown.
In his twelfth year he was ap]u-enticed to a mer-
chant of ^liitehavon, who was actively engaged
in the American trade, and shortlv thereafter
sailed for Virginia, where his brother was set-
tled as a planter. For a time he lived at Fred-
ericksburg with his brother, devoting his leisure
to the study of nautical affairs. In 1766, his
indentures being canceled, he made a voyage to
Jamaica as chief mate on a slaver. He soon
abandoned this business, however, and in 1768
took passage in a brigantine for Scotland. The
master and mate dying in the course of the voy-
age. Paid assumed command and carried the
vessel safely into port. For this .scTvice the
owners appointed him captain and supercargo
and sent him on a voyage to the West Indies. He
continued this trade and accumulated a fortune
by commercial speculation. In 1773, his brother
having died childless and intestate, he returned
to Virginia to settle the affairs of the estate
which had fallen to him, and for a time gave his
attention to planting. It was then that he as-
sumed the name of .Tones, by which he w.a.s sub-
sequently known. Upon the outbreak of the
Revolution he offered his services on behalf of
the Colonies, and was early invited to aid the
Naval Committee of Congress with information
and advice. He also served on a commission for
(he purchase of vessels for the new navy, and on
December 22. 177:'). was commissioned senior fir.-t
lieutenant of the tla^'ship Alfred. After a short
cruise, during which a successful attack was
made on New Providence and a squadron was
captured, he was transferred to the Providence
with the rank of captain. He then made a cruise
in the West Indies, and in forty-seven days cap-
tured sixteen prizes and destro.yed a number of
small vessels together with the fishery at Isle
Madame. He then resumed command of the
Alfred, and in November, 1776, sailed from New-
port to Nova Scotia, where he captured a number
of British coal transports, liberated a hundred
.Americans confined at tiard labor in the mines,
destroyed the Cape Breton Fishery, and returned
to Boston with several prizes. In June, 1777,
Jones was transferred to the command of the
Ranger, one of the newly built vessels of the
navy, and the one upon which the stars and
stripes are said to have been hoisted for the first
tiifie. On November 1st .Jones sailed from Ports-
mouth, N. H.. with instructions to hover about
the coast of Great Britain and destroy the Eng-
lish shipping. Before entering the Channel he
stopped in France to deliver to the American
Commissioners the oflicial dispatches announcing
the surrender of Burgoyne, and to confer
with them in regard to his mission in Euro-
l>ean waters. He then sailed to the north coast
of England, seized the port of Whitehaven, spiked
its guns, and burned some of the shipping. It
was then that he conceived the project of captur-
ing the Earl of Selkirk on his fine estate near
Kirkcudbright, and of holding him as a hostage.
The project miscarried on account of the absence
of the Earl, whose plate, however, was appro-
])riated by the crew of the Ranijer and was sold,
but was subsequently purchased by .Jones and re-
stored to the rightful owner. In the summer of
1778 Jones captured near the English coast the
Drake, a twenty-gini war-ship of su])erior build,
and carried it into Brest with 160 prisoners. His
exploits won him great renown in America, and
he was placed in command of the ship Duras,
furnished by the French Government, the
name of which he changed to the Bon Homme
Richard, and in August, 1779, he sailed with a
squadron of five vessels, three American and two
French, for the coast of Scotland, creating even
greater alarm among the inhabitants than before.
OtT Flamborough he fell in with a fleet of
forty-one British merchantmen returning from
the Baltic and convoyed by two powerful men-of-
war, the Serapis. carn-ing forty guns, and the
('ountess of Scarboront/h. with twenty guns. On
the evening of September 23. 1779. .Tones engaged
the Serapis in battle, and after three hours'
desperate fighting, during the course of which the
Serapis and the Bon Homme Richard were lashed
together, the Serapis surrendered, . The lion
Homme Richard, however, was so badly dam-
aged that it sank two days later, the crew in the
meantime being transferred to the Serapis.
For this victory .Tones was. upon his arrival in Paris, presented by Louis XVI. with a gold- mounted sword, and was decorated with the cross of the Order of ]Militai-y Merit. T^pon his re- turn to America in February. 1781. Concress voted him a gold medal, passed a resolution commending his "zeal, prudence, and intrepidity," assignied him to the command of a new ship of the line then building, and proposed to create for him the rank of rear-admiral. He also received a complimentaiy letter from General Washington. The British, however, regarded Jones as a pirate, and refused to recognize the
