KAGA. 363 KAIANIAN. called by the Japanese Kutani-yaki {'nine-valleys ware'), from the name of the village Kutaui, where this uare was first made about the middle of the seventeenth century, the mark "Kutani- yaki' being still retained, though much of the Kaga-ware is made in several other places in the province, as at Enuma and Xomi, as well as in Kanazawa. This ware is decorated in gold and a soft russet red, and is very attractive. The seaport of Kanazawa is Takama, and there are other important towns in the province. On the southeastern border rises the superb Hakuzan or Shiroyama, i.e. 'White Mountain,' with a height of 8921 feet. The most important river of the province is Tebori-gawa. KAGdSHIMA, ka-go'shA-ma (Japanese 'Bas- ket Island' I. The chief city of the Province of Satsuma, in the island of Kiushiu, .Japan, and the .seat of the Government of the ken or pre- fecture of the same name, which includes the provinces of Satsuma, Osumi, and Hiuga (Map: Japan, B 8). It was formerly the seat of the feudal barons of the Shimadzu family, one of the most powerful in the country. Kagdshima lies on the northwesterly side of a deep inlet of the same name. The town itself covers considerable ground, has wide, clean, well-kept streets, and includes among its most important industries the manufacture of cotton, silk, pottery, and glass, and exports rice. tea. camphor, and cedarwood. On the shore and forming a kind of suburb is Tan- oura. where the famous crackled Satsuma ware — a kind of fa'ience — is made. On August 15. 186.3, Kago'shinia was bombarded and burned by a Brit- ish squadron as punishment for the murder by military retainers of .Shimadzu Saburo of Satsu- ma of H. L. Richardson, an Englishman, in Sep- tember of the preceding year, both the Shogun's Government and the daimio having failed to pun- ish the murderers or give any satisfaction. It was here also that the great Satsuma Rebellion, under Field-ilarshal .Saigo Takamori, broke out in 1877. The city was promptly taken by the Im- perial troops, recaptured by the insurgents some months later, and finally captured by the im- perialists September 24. Saigo and the rebel leaders being defeated with great slaughter and the rebellion crushed. Population, in 1898, 53,481. KAGU, ka'goo (native name). A remarkable bird { [ihinochetus jubatus) peculiar to the is- land of Xew Caledonia. It is gray above, paler below, with black markings on the wings and tail. The head carries a long crest, and the bill is bright red. It was formerly found all over tne island, but is now confined to the more unfrequented parts, where it lives in the moun- tainous ravines and hides in holes and under stones. It is often kept in captivity in the East, in parks and zoi'ilogical gardens. It is nocturnal and feeds on snails and other mollusks. insects, and the like. It resembles a rail in its general form, but is more like a heron in some of its habits. In its internal anatomy it shows so many and such peculiarities that its relation to other birds is still a matter of doubt. Its nearest relatives would seem to be the sun-bitterns of South .Americ.T. with which it is usuallv asso- ciated in the same order with cranes. (See Xew- tnn. D'cfionnrti of Rirfts. Xew York and London. 189.3-96.) This resemblance is heightened by the fact that, like the sun-bittern, the kagu in Vol. XL— ai. courtship or in moments of excitement will execute a variety of violent gesticulations and dance about, displaying the otherwise concealed spottings on its wingquills. spreading its wings and tail, and even holding the tail or the tip of a wing in its bill, as if to make it more con- spicuous. Nothing is known as to its breeding habits, nest, or eggs. See Plate of Bustabds. KAGTJAN, ka'goo-an'. See Cobego. KAHLER, ka'ler. M.rti>- (18.35—). A Ger- man Protestant theologian, born at Xeuhausen, near Kiinigsberg. a brother of Otto Kiihler, a general and military hi.storian. He was educated at Konigsl)erg, at Heidelberg. Halle, and Tiibin- gen. After four years as decent at Halle, he became professor at Bonn (1864). and in 1867 returned to Halle, where he was appointed profes- sor of New Testament exegesis and of dogmatics. His works include the biographies of Tholuek (1877) and Midler (1878). Das Geuissen (1878), Galaterbrief (2d ed. 1893), Die Wissen- schaft dcr christlichen Lehre (2d ed. 1893), Mfbriierbrief {2d ed. 1889), Der sofjenannte his- torische Jesus und der rjcschichtUche biblische Christus {2d ed. 1806), i»fr lebendige Gott (2d ed. 1897), Der sogenannte Epheserbrief des PatilKS (1894). Dogmatische Zeitfragen (1898), and Die Herrlichkeit Jesii (1901). KAHOKA, ka-ho'ka. A city and the county- seat of Clark County, Mo., twenty miles west of Keokuk, la. ; on the Keokuk "and Western Railroad. It carries on a considerable trade in the products of the adjacent farming and stock- raising country, and has grain-elevators, a flour- mill, a canninn factorv. brick-vards. etc. Popu- Kition. in IS'.IO. 1425;' in lOOCi. 1818. KAIANIAN, ki-a'ni-nn (from Pers. Kai, Av. Kavi, King). Name of an ancient Iranian or Persian dynasty, partly legendary, but merging into an historical line, which ruled over Persia after the Peshadian, or great mythical dynasty of Iran. Tlie last members of the Kaianians are certainly contemporaneous with the later Aehcemenian nionarchs, and are to be identified with them, although the Persian traditions con- nected with their names and reigns are more fanciful and imaginative than are the annals of the Greeks. Regarding the earliest Kaianians there is much uncertainty, owing to the lack of authentic records, but Persian tradition ascribes the founding of the Kaianian line to the stand taken by the great legendary hero Rustani, the leader against Afrasiab oif Turan. when he placed Kai Kobad {Avestan. Knri Knrrita) on the throne of Iran, and established the much- honored house. The designation Kaianian is due to the title Kai prefixed to each name in the dynasty. The successor of Kai Kobad was Kai Kans (Av. Knri Usati). and he in turn was followed by Kai Khosrfi or Khflsrfi {Ar. Kari ffH.sroro/i) . whom Persian tradition, apparently in vain, seeks to identify with Cyrus the Great. This king's reign, like that of the other Kaianians. but more in length, is described in the fHulk ysmnli. or "Book of Kings." by Firdausi (q.v.). Next followed Luhrasp and then came his son Gushtasp. who has been identified, on insufficient ^rounds it seems, with Darius Hystaspes. (See Darius.) In Gushtasp's reign the prophet Zoroaster appeared. After Gushtasp came Bahraan, or Vohuman, i.e. Ardashir Dirazdast,
