KALAMAZOO. 368 KALCKREUTH. corsets and other iirticles of women's wear, play- ing-cards, and patent nieditines. Tlie growth of the pa|K'r industry has been especially marked. The government is vested in a mayor, annually elected ; a unicameral council, and suhonlinate administrative departments, all, except the school board, which is chosen by popular elec- tion, bcinj; governed by comniittocs appointed by the Mayor. The city owns and operates its water-works and electric light plant. Settled about 182!», Kalamazoo was incorporated as a village in 1843, and was chartered as a city in 1884. Population, in 1890, 17,853; in 1900, 24,404. KALANGS, ka-liingz'. A primitive Javanese people, of whom but few survive, and about whose physical characters considerable ditlerence of opinion has existed. Some scholars have re- garded them as related to the Negritos, but this view is unsubstantiated. They seem to be Indonesian or proto-ilalay. The Kalangs rank among the most primitive races of man. They prolial>ly formed part of the early al)nriginal inhabitants of .Java, and. though now almost extinct, once occupied a good part of the south- em interior. Consult Meyer, Die Kalnngs auf Java (1S77). KALAPTJYA^ ka'lapUo'yA. or CALLAPOO- YA. A group of tribes, constituting a distinct stock, formerly occupying the greater portion of the Willamet River Valley, in northwestern Ore- gon. Altluntgh at one time populous, they were never prominent in history, being of uinvarlike character, so that by the constant inroads of the coast tribes and the later cruelties of the white pioneers they have been almost extermi- nated. Some small bands, known oliicially as Lakmiul, .Mary's Kiver, Santiam. and Yamhill, are gathered upon (Irande Ronde reservation, in the same region, to the number of about 140. Some few more may be scattered over the sur- rounding country. ' They formerly subsisted largely u])on bulbous roots of water-plants, practiced head-flattening, but not tattooing, had a mild system of slavery and some curious mar- riage customs, tlie bride's relatives stripping the husband and all his relatives, male and female, of their clothing and appropriating it to them- selves. The verb was distinguished among In- dian languages for its multiplicity of forms. They are now citizens, civilized and self-support- ing, raising grain and liay and deriving a con- siderable income from the sale of their native basketry. KALB, kiilp, Charlotte von (1761-1843). A German literary woman, best known as a friend of Schiller. She was born, a Marschalk von Ostheim. at Waltcrshausen. and in 1783 married lloinrich von Kalb. She met Schiller at Mannheim in 1784. and in 1787 he went on her account to Weimar. At one time the poet pro- posed to marry her; after his marriage, the poet Hiilderlin. a tutor in lier family (1793-94). succeeded Schiller in her platonie afTections. Afterwards. .Jean Paul became her ideal, and she is portr.iyed as T.inda in his Tiffin, .fter nuich misfortune, in 1S20 she went to Berlin, and there, totally blind, was sheltered by Princess Marianne. Her memoirs, under the title C'harlottr. were republished at Stuttgart in 1879. and her letters to Jean Paul and his wife were edited by Xerrlich in 1882. Consult the novel Cornelia (IS.'il), edited by her daughter Kdda (1790-1874), and Kiipkc, Charlutle von Kalb (Berlin, 1852). KALB, JoiiAXN, Baron de (1721-80). An officer in the American Revolution. He was born at Hiittendorf, Bavaria; entered the French ai-my as a lieutenant in 1743, and became a captain in 1747 and a brigadier-general in 1701. In 1708 he was sent by France on a .secret mis- sion to England's American colonies; and in 1777 acconi|)anied Lafayette to the United States and offered his services to Congress. In Septendjer, 1777, he received a commission as major-general, and until the spring of 1780 served in New Jersey and Maryland. In April, 1780, he was sent to join the Southern Army as second in command to Gates, and, at the battle of Camden (q.v. ) on August 16, was mortally wounded, dying three days later. Consult Kapp, Life of the American (leneral Johann Kalb (Stuttgart, 1862: New York, 1870). KALBE, kiil'bc. A town in the Province of Sa.xony, Prussia, situated 18 miles south of Magdeburg, on the left bank of the Saale (Map: Prussia, D 3). Spinning and weaving, and manufactures of paper, wool, and sugar, are carried on. Population, in 1890, 90U9 ; in 1900, 12,286. KALBECK, kal'bek. Max (1850—). A Ger- man dramatist and critic. He was born and educated at Brcslau. After a few- years at Munich, he w-as appointed keeper of the archives in the art museum of his native city; and in 1880 went to Vienna, where he became associated with the M'icner AUgemeine Zeilunfi, the I'reise (1883), the ilontaijH-Rcvue (1890), and the .Yt'Kc.s- ^'iener Tagblutt. His earliest published w-ork was in the field of Ivric: A us Xatur nnd Lebin (2d ed. 1872); Xiichte (2d ed. 1880); and Alls alter und neuer Zeit (1890). More im- portant was his critical writing: A'euc IScitriige zur Biographic dcs Dichters Giinther (1879), on Wagners Xibelungen {3d ed. 1883) ; WteHer Opernabende (1885), and Opernabende (1898). He adapted for the German stage Massenet's Le Cid and Werther, Verdi's Otello, and works of Smareglia, Smetana. JIascagni and Tchaikov- sky: and himself wrote Die Maienkitnigin (1888), Das stiUr Dcni (1S98), and Xuhia (1898). KALCKREUTH, killk'roit, Leopold, Comt (1855 — ). A German painter, born in Diis- seldorf, son of Stanislaus Kalckreuth (q.v.). He was a pupil of Struys in the Art Schoid of Weimar, and of Benczur in the Munich Academy, from 1885 to 1890 was a professor in the forn'ier institution, from 1895 to 1899 in the Karlsruhe Academy, and in 1899 was appointed a professor in the Academy of Stuttgart. His works include portraits, such as those of Count Eulenburg-Liehenburg and I^ieutenant-General von Grolmann, and several landscapes. But he is more successful in his depictions of the Ger- man peasantry. His manner is impressionistic, and, although' technically skillful, is frequently somewhat harsh. Among his pictures are: "The Fish Auction." "The Old Salt on the Beach." "Schloss Klein-Oels" (National Gallery. Berlin), "Old .ge" (Dresden Gallery), "Rainbow" (New Pinakothek. Munich), and "Thunder-Clouds" (1899; in the Karlsruhe Gallery). KALCKREUTH, Stanislaus, Count (1S21- 94). A German painter, born at Kozmin
