KATER. 411 KATSU AWA. scientific papers will be found in the Philosophi- cal TruHsactioiis, Astroiiomischc Xachriclitcn, Astronomical Society Monthly, and Astronomical Society ilemoirs. KATHERINE. In Shakespeare's Taming of the ithrtu-, the spirited daughter of Baptista, whose subduing by her husband, Petruehio, gives the comedy its title. KATHIAWAK, kil'te-a-wiir'. A peninsula on the west coast of India, projecting into the Arabian Sea, having the Gulf of Cuteh on the nortliwest and the Gulf of Caniba}' on the south- east (Map: India, 1> 4). It is included in Guja- rat, Presidency of Bombay, and is also known as the Peninsula of Gujarat. Politically, the region is divided among 187 native chiefs under the pro- tection of the British Government. Area, about 21,000 square miles. Population, in 1891, 2,732,- 400; in 1901, 2,327,500. Among the towns are Rajkot, Xavanagar, Junagarh, and Somnath. The Portuguese port of Diu is on a small island off the south coast. KATHLEEN MAVOURNEEN, kath'len ma-vnur'nen. A ballad by L(juisc M. Crawford, for which Fred. W". X. Crouch wrote the music. KATIB TCHELEBI, ka-teb' cha-la'be. See Ha.jji Khalifah. KATIPO, kii'te-pO. A name of Xew Zealand (Maori) origin for any one of the spiders of the genus Latrodectus. These spiders are widely dis- tributed, representatives being found in nearlj' all tropical and temperate countries, and their bite is e.xccssivcly poisonous. See Spider. KATIPUNAN (ka'te-poTJ-niin') SOCIETY. A Filipino secret society organized originally to oppose Spanish supremacy in the archipelago. The revolution in Luzon and the other islands after the fall of Malolos in 1890 adopted the guerrilla form of warfare. ^'lien the Filipino Congress adjourned it decreed that the supreme council of the Katipunan Society should assume control. Aguinaldo pripclaimcd that every male Filipino in every hamlet and barrio should be subject to its regulations. The organization is purely military. Wlicrever one hundred men can be assembled there is to be a "superior chief.' with rank of colonel. Under him are principal chiefs, partial chiefs, captains(Cabezas) , and men. Each rank knows only those below it. The duties of the men are fivefold, namely, to obey orders, to contribute provisions and clothing, to act as spies against all suspected persons, to be ready to sacrifice property, family, or life for the so- ciety, and to take the field as guerrillas at a mo- ment's notice. Each signs an oath in his own Idood, swearing under most revolting penalties to serve the society. All other oaths are absolved by this, and the native leads a life of fear, not knowing when the knife may end his career. The reckless daring of the Filipino is largely due to the terror inspired by this organization. KATKOFF, kat-kAf, Mikhail Nikiforo- viTCii (1820-87). A Russian publicist of inter- national reputation. He studied at Moscow, at Kiinigsberg. and at Berlin, where he was particu- larly attracted by Schelling. In 1840 he published a valuable essay On Russian Popular .S'onr/.s. ex- pressing views of an ardent liberal and adherent of the party of Westerners. For his dissertation On the Elements and Forms nf the ftlaro-Russian Tonfive (184.'i) he was appointed adjunct in phi- losophy at Moscow, which position he held until Vol. XI— 27. 1849, when lectures on philosophj' were intrusted to professors of theologj'. In ISbl he was official- ly appointed editor of the Moscow Oazclte, which he leased in 18G3. The disorders among the peasants and university students in 1801-02, and especially the Polish revolution of 18U3, gave Katkotf the chance of his life: he accused the 'nihilists' and Herzen and Bakunin (qq.v. ) as the real originators of all the trouble, and from a liberal turned into a reactionary advocate of abso- lutism and extreme: nationalism (Slavophilism). His paper became an exponent rather than a leader of public opinion, harshly criticising the Government for half-hearted measures in suppress- ing treason which he saw everywhere. Until his death he wielded an enormous influence on Rus- sian politics, being the personal adviser of Alex- ander III. KATMANDU'. See Khatmandu. KATONA, kr/to-no, J6ZSEF (1792-1S30). An Hungarian dramatist, born at Kecskemet. His earlier etlorts suflered from a too close depend- ence upon German models, but in his masterpiece. Bank Ban, he was distinctly national and orig- inal. He wrote the play in 1815, but it was not performed until six years afterwards, in Buda- pest. His poems, essays, and other works w-ere collected in three volumes fiftj' years after his death. KATRINE, kat'rin, LocTi. A lake in Perth- shire, Scotland, famous for its beautiful scenery, which has been immortalized by Scott and Words- worth (Map: Scotland, D 3) . It is of serpentine form, eight miles long, and three-quarters of a mile in average width. Ben Venue (2393 feet), Ben A'an, and the Trossachs are on its banks. There are several islets, one of which, Ellen's Isle, is the central scene of action of Scott's Lady nf the Lake. Steamers ply on its waters, and it is an- nually visited by large numbers of tourists. Loch Katrine is the main source of Glasgow's water- supply, the water being conducted by a tunnel and aqueducts for a distance of 25 miles. KATSENA, kat's6-na. A to^vn in the north- ern part of the Niger Territories, Central Africa, about 100 miles southeast of Wurno (Map: Africa, E 3). It was formerly an important town and capital of the province of the same name. It is surrounded by a high wall, but its buildings are mostly in ruins. It began to decline as a re- sult of the seven years' siege by the Fulahs in the beginning of the nineteenth century, from which it never recovered. Its population, once said to number 100,000, is now- estimated at 7500. KATSU AWA, klit'sn il'wa (c.l820-0n). A Japanese statesman, born at Shidzuoka, in Suruga province. A diligent student in j-outh. he made himself familiar with the literature of China, Japan, and Holland. He commanded a company of soldiers m the army set to guard the country at the time of Perry's landing in 1854. In ilay. 1855, he was sent with others to Nagasaki to learn from the Dutch how to manage steam vessels. He made such progress that in 1861' he navigated the first .Tapanese steamship across the Pacific Ocean, and was active in hav- ing built the first native man-of-war on foreign models. He advised against the Yedo Govern- ment's attempting to chastise the Choshiu clan, in which disastrous campaign the prestige of the Tokugawa family was irretrievably ruined. In the civil war of 18G8 his friendship with Saigo
