KASTNER. 410 KATEB. the appearance of Berlioz's monumental work some thirty years later. Perhaps his most orig- inal work was the Lnixsimrtilions, a scries of vocal and instrumental symphony cantatas, whose various subjects are descrihcd and analyzed in accompanying essays. The sulidivisions of this were: Lcs da)u<ics dcs marts (1852) ; La harpe d'Eole et la musiqtie cosmiqite (1856) ; Lcs voix de Paris, and its sequel, Les oris de Paris ( 1857 ) ; Les Sirrnes (1858); and Punhniologic mtisicalc de la laitgue franf;uise (1802). In addition to the operas already mentioned he eunii)osed: H<futrice (1839); La masclicra (1841); and the biblical opera Le dernier roi de Jiida (concert performance, 1844), which is considered his mas- tei-picce; and much instrumental nmsic. Con- sult: Fetis, Biographic uitivcrselle dcs musicicns, et hihliufirnphiv (jenerale dc la musi(juc (Brus- sels, 18.37-81); lAidwij;, Juhunn (Icorg Kafilner, ein elsiissischer Tomlichter, Throrctiker tiiid Mu- sikforscher {'i vols., Leipzig, 188(5). KASTRO, ka'strd. Capital of the Turkish island cif -Mylilcne (q.v.) in the .Egean Sea. It is the scat of a metropolitan of the Greek Church, has 14 mosques, seven churches, and a castle built in 1373 on the site of the ancient acropolis. In IS'J'J there entered and cleared from tlic har- bor of Kastro ll!13 steamships with a tonnage (metric) of 700. 1(57, and 3300 sailing vessels with a tonnage of 28,148. Of the ship])ing over one-third is Turkish, nearly one-fourth (Jreek, one-fourth Russian. Population, in IS'.tti, 53.000. KASVIN, lii'iz-ven'. A to«-n of Persia. See Ka.siux. KATAE'OLISM (from Gk. KarafioXri, lata- h(de, a tlu'owing down, from KarajidWui'. I.atahal- hin. to throw down, from /card, lata, down + ,fiiXKeiv, ballein, to throw). The chemical changes that occur within an organism and result in the formation of simpler products through the decomposition of more complex ones. It is other- wise known as destructive metabolism. See MloTAnoi.isii. KATAHDIN, kft-tU'din, or KTAADN. The highest mountain in Maine, 5200 feet above the sea (Map: ilaine, F 4). It is in Piscataquis County, near the centre of the State, in a dense wilderness and dilhcult of access. Mount Ka- tahdin is of granite, which is exposed in large abrupt walls on the slopes. The summit is bare and covered with lichens, and from it a grand view may be obtained of the wild and rough coun- trj' around it. KATA-KANA, kii't.^ kji'm'u See J.vpaxese LANCiiAcr.. KATAKI-UCHI, kii'ta-k* oTx'ch* (Japanese, enemy-killing). A form of vendetta practiced during many centuries in .Japan. It was popular- ly thought proper to slay an enemy who had murdered one's father or lord. Though pro- hibited by the Government, it was imperatively prescribed by custom. To fail in the duty of taking vengeance involved swial ostracism, while on the other hand its performance brought capi- tal punishment of the avenger. This subject is the basis of hundreds of popular stories and famous novels, the greatest of many historic illustrations of the custom being that of the 'Forty-seven Ronins.' which is a standard repre- sentation in the .Tapanese theatres. In recent years the newer school of native moralists has at- tacked the code of ethics under which kataki- uclii was possible. L nder the modern laws it exists no lojiger. Consult the voluminous litera- ture of the subject, both native and European; in Japanese, the l-ro-ha Bunko, and its seejuel, the Yuki .o Akcbono; Mitford, Talcs of Old Japan (2d ed., London, 1874) ; Dickens, Chiu- sliingura, or the Loyal League (New York, 1870). KATE, Ja.n- Jacob Lodewijk ten (181!)Sn). A Dutch poet, born at The Hague. He studied theology at L trecht, where he made the acquaint- ance of van den liergh the Klder, and of the lexicographer, Winkler Prins, and where he wrote nuieh poetry. With Prins in 1842 and 1843 he wrote the satiric periodical liruga, which was entirely composed in verse, of which he had a wonderful command, being a ready and lluent improvisator. Ten Kate entered the ministry of the Reformed Church, and from 1800 was pastor of a church in Amsterdam. Besides some sketches of travel and some purely theological works, he wrote translations from IIel)rew; Psalms (1872), and several of the minor pnqih- ets; from Luther's hymns, Chamisso's poetry, and from Schiller and (ioethe; from Tegncr and Charles X ; from .Vndersen and Oehlenschliiger ; Hugo's lyrics; Tasso's Gerusalemme (1850) and Dante's Inferno (1876) ; and Byron's Giaour and Milton's Paradise Lost. His original poems, popu- lar at home and frcquentlytranslated into French and German, are mostly of theological tenor. The best known are: De l^cheiiping (1800), De Planeten (180!)), De Jaargetijden (1871), and Pulmbladcn en dirhlhloenien (1884). His col- lected works appeared at Leyden (1890-01). KA'TER, Hexry (1777-1835). An English scientist who devoted himself to the study of mechanics and the exact sciences. He was born in Bristol, and died in London. At his father's desire he began the study of the law, but in 1794 he relinquished his legal studies and obtained a commission in the Twelfth Regiment of foot, then stationed in India. During the following year he was engaged under Colonel Lambton, in the survey of India, aiul on his return in 1808, became a student in the senior department of the Royal Military Ctdlegc at Sandhurst, and was shortly afterwards promoted to a company in the Si.xty-second Regiment. His contributions to science are chietly to be found in the Philosophi- cal Transactions, the most important of these memoirs being those relating to his determination of the length of the seconds pen<lulum at the latitude of London, and those which describe his 'floating collimator,' an instrument for aiding the determinatiim of the horizontal or zenith points. For the invention of this instrument he received the gold medal of the Royal Astnmomi- cal Society. The reversible pendulum (q.v.) which he devised (1818) enables the physicist to deter- mine the length of the simple pendulum at any point on the earth's surface, and in a modified form is still in use. In 1821-23 he was asso- ciated with Arago, Mathieu, and Colby in making observations to determine the differences of longi- tude between the Greenwich and Paris observa- tories. His memoirs on the verification and com- parison of the standards of weights and measures of Great Britain and Ireland induced the Em- peror of Russia to employ him to construct stand- ards for the weights and measures of that coun- try, and idr these labors he received the Order of Saint Anne and a diamond snuff-box. His many
