KAVEBY. 418 KAYE. Mysore and below Sciiiij;apaUini forms the beau- tiful falls and rapids of Sivusaniudruni. Near CoUegal it enters Madras and, proceeding jiast Bhavani, Erode, and Karur, at Trichinopuli and tJrirangam, divides into several deltaic channels, the central of which continues as the Kavery eastward past Conil)acununi, and into the L!ay of Bengal at Karikal, tlic .suutheriiinost channel, on which are situated Tanjore and Tiruvahir, entering at Xegajialain, and the principal and northernmost channel, the Coleroon, 92 miles long, debouching at Porto Novo. Owing to the velocity of its currents and its rapids, the Kavery is navi- gable only downward by small native craft. Its length is 415 miles. The irrigation sy.stem of its delta, dating from the second centun, is the most ancient in India. The Kavery is also called b}- the Hindus 'Das Kshin Ganga' ("The Ganges of the South'). KAVI, ka'v4 (Skt., wise, i)oet). The ancient sacre<l language of Java (c. 800-1400 a.d. ). In structure this language belongs to the ilalayo- I'olynesian group, and its inllcction is essentially Javanese. There are three dialects of the Java- nese — the vulgar tongue, the j)olile dialect, and the ancient. All these contain words from San- skrit, Arabic, and Telugu, brought in, not by con- quest, but by religion and commerce, and they are ■written in alphabets which arc adaptations of the Indian Devanagari script. The largest infusion of loan-words is from Sanskrit. In the connnon language of Java the proportion of Sanskrit is almost 11 per rent., but in the recondite it is nearly 40 per cent. The introduction of Indian elements is traced to the immigiation of the Brabnians from India about 2000 years ago, who brought with them Hindu civilization and re- ligion. Kavi holds the same relation to .Javanese that Sanskrit does to the modern languages of India. In this dialect the .Javanese writings, con- sisting of poems, histories, romances, etc., are composed. Much of the literature is based on the Indian epic of the ilahiihhCinita. as. for instance, the Haratu-niiddliii (partly translated in Raffles, Histurii of Jtiva, London, 1817), the Arjuna- Vivaha (edited by Friederich, Bavaria. 1850; and by Kern. The Hague, 1871). In the fifteenth cen- tury the Kavi, with Hinduism, was driven from Java to the small island of Bali. Consult : Hum- boldt. Vcher die Kaii'i-f<prache (Berlin. 1830-30) ; Friederich. yoorlo(j}ii(i Ycrnlaq van hcl Kiluiid Bali (Batavia, 1849-50): Stuart, Kawi-Oor- Icondcn (Lcyden, 1875) ; .Tonker, E» Oiid- javaansch ^Veihuck (ib., 1885) ; Juynboll. One Boeketi van het Oud-javaansche ilahtibhiirntti (ib., 1893). An e.vhaustive dictionary of the language is being prepared by van der Tunk, under the title : h'fiwi-balinecsch-nederiandsch icoordenboek. KAW, kg, properly Kansa. A Sionan tribe S])eaking a dialect of the Gsage language, for- merly occupying several villages on the lower Kansas River, in Kansas, and estimated about a century- ago at 1300. In 184G they were re- moved to a reservation west of the Osage, in the present Oklahoma, and have since decreased rapidly. In 1875 they still numbered 516, but in 1900 there were but 217 remaining, less than half of whom were full-bloods. In former cus- toms they resembled the other buffalo-hunting tribes of the plains. KAWEEAtr, ka'ver-ou, Glstav (1847—). A German Protestant theologian, born at Bunzlau. After study at Berlin, he held pastorates at Langheinersdorf and Klemzig, from 188U to 1892 was prolc.'^sor of practical theology at Kiel, and in the latter year was appointed to a similar chair at Breslau. In 1883 he assisted in founding the Society for the Promotion of the Study of the History of the Reformation. He was an assistant editor of the great Weimar editimi of the works of Luther, and published the biography, Joluinn Agricola von EisUbcn (1881); Dc Di- yamia Episcoporum (1889) ; ixmX Reformation uiid (Jegciircfurmal ion ( 1894), constituting vol. iii. of Miillcr's Lchrbiich dcr Kirrlicni/cschichte. KAWIA, ka-we'a, or CAHXJILLA, ka-we'ya. sometimes impro])erly spelt ( <iaiii ii.a. A .Sho- shonean tribe centring about Galiuilla Creek and Valley in southwestern C'alilornia. They are a loving ])eople of considerable strength and api)a- rently primitive cliaractcr, but, as they have never been brought under treaty restrictions, very little is definitely known concerning them. KAY, John (17421820). A Scottish minia- ture painter and caricaturist, born near Dalkeith. He learned the trade of a barber and practiced it in Kdinburgh until he was forty-three years old. He immortalized the men of his time, not always as they would wish, and he kept a little shop in Parliament Close. Kdinburgh. for the sale of his jiroduetions. which were collected posthumously under the title, A »S'rn'c.s of Urir/inal I'orlrails and Caricature Etchiiir/s hi/ the Late John Kay (2 vols., 1.838: 4 vols., 1848; 3 vols.. 1877). His portraits appeared at dillerent Edinburgh exhibi- tions (1811-22). and some of his drawings can still be seen at the Royal Scottish Academy. KAYAK, kl'ak (Eskimo name) . An Eskimo canoe. It consists of a wooden framework, cov- ered over with hide, but having a hole in the cen- tre of the top covering for the man tising it: this hole is surmounted with a flap which lashes around the body of the oaisman and prevents the entrance of water. See E.SKIMO. KAYE, ka, Sir JouN William (1814-70). An English historian. He was born in Aeton, near London, and was the son of a lawyer. After education at Eton and at the Royal ililitary College at Addisccnube, he went to India, and from 1832 to 1841 served in the Bengal Artillery, b( coming lieutenant. He engaged in journalistic and literary work in India, and afterwards in England from 1845 to 1850. when he received an appointment in the home dejiartment of the East India Company. The next year India came inuler the Crown Ciovernment. and he was nominated to the Secretaryship of the Indian Political and Secret Service De])artment. made vacant by the retirement of .John Stuart Mill. The leisure of his oflicial life was emidoyed in the writing and publication of numerous historical, biographical, and other works. His writings include: llixlori/ of the War in Afghanistan (2 vols., 1851 ; later cd. 3 vols., 1874) ; The Administration of the East India Company (1853); Christianity in India (1859) ; History of the fiepoy War (3 vols., 1857-58, 5th ed. 1881), revised and republished as Kaye and Malleson"s History of the Indian Mu- tiny (G vols., 1890) ; Lives of Indian Officers, Illustrative of the History of the Civil and Mili- tary Serviees in India (2 vols.. 1807; new edition 1880) : and Essays of an Optimist ( 1870) . He also edited Buckle's Memoirs of the Services of the lien- gal Artillery (1852) ; Tucker's If emoriaZso/'/«d/o
