KEEN. 426 KEEWATIJSI. KEEN, William Williasis (1837—). An Amcriiaii surgeon. He was born in Philadelphia, and studied at Brown University, vliere he graduated in 1859. After a three ^years' course in Jefferson Medical College, he served as an assistant surgeon in the Federal .rni}' during part of the Civil War. He pursued his medical studies abroad for two years, and returned in 180G to Philadelphia, where he began to prac- tice and also to lecture on anatomical subjects in Jefferson Medical College, lie was in charge of the Philadelphia School of Anatomy during 1860-75; was professor of artistic anatomy in the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts in 1870- 90; professor of surgery at the Women's Medical College in 1884S9; and subsequently professor of surgery at the Jefferson Medical College. Especially proficient in the surgerj' of the brain and nervous system, Dr. Keen was among the first in the United States to perform successfully new and dillicult operations in tliis de])artment. Among his works are: Gunshot ^youmls and Other Injuries of Xerres (180-1) : Reflex Paraly- sis (1804) ; Clinical Charts of the Human Body (1870) ; and Early History of Practical Anatomy (1875). He also edited: Heath's Practical Anat- omy (1870); the An^erican edition of Gray's Anatomy (1887) ; and the Atncricaii Text-Book of Surgery (1809). KEENE. A city and the county-seat of Chesh- ire County, X. H., 43 miles southwest of Con- cord; on the Ashuelot River, and on the Boston and Maine Railroad (ilap: Xew Hampshire, E 10). It is within 10 miles of .Mnnadnnck Mountain, is situated on a plain surrounded by lofty hills, and lias broiul and well-shaded streets. There is a public library of 10.000 vol- umes. Keene is noted for its manufactures of wooden ware; it has several chair, furniture, pail, and tub factories, repair shops of the Bos- ton and Maine Railroad, also a pottery and a shoe-factorr. a woolen mill, glue-works, toy-fac- tories, and door, sash, and blind factories. These indu-stries with others employ over 1400 persons, represent a ca[)ital of $1,700,000. and have an output valued at over $2,000,000. The water- works are owned bv the muni<ipality. Popula- tion, in isno, 7440 :'in 1900. 910.5. Settled under the authority of Massachusetts in 1734, Keene was known as Upper Ashuelot until it was in- corporated in 1753 by Xew Il.ampshire under its present name It was chartered as a city in 1874. Consult: Hale, Antwls of the Town of Keene from 1100 to Ifilo (Keene, X. H.. 1851), and "Sketch of Keene." in the Granite Monthly, vol. iii. (Concord, 1880). KEENE, Cii.RT.ES Samiel (1823-91). An English humorous artist, born in Diivals Lane. Hornsey. He went to school in Foundation Street. Ipswi;Oi, and after learning the wood-en- graver's trade he began, at the age of twenty- four, to make drawings for the Illustrated Lon- don yens and other periodicals; but left his mark indelibly upon the Pnnrh publications, wherein his most characteristic work appeared from 1851 until his death. He ilhistraied edi- tions of lioJiinson Crusoe: The Cloister and the Hearth: Ernn Harrinqton : the Caudle Lectures: and the Rnundahout Papers (18791; while a collection of his contributions to Punch were published in .a volume entitled Our People (ISRl). Of a retiring disposition, he was yet a close and sjTnpathetic observer of Cockney life, and the gold njcdal he won at the Paris E.xhibition of 1890 was deserved no less for his superb technique in black and white tlian for his delineation of quaint lower-class British types wherever found. KEENE, l.AiBA (1820?-73). The stage name of Miss Mary Moss, an actress, bom in Kngland, who completed her career in .-Vmcrica. Her great- est success before coming to this country was as Pauline in The Lady of Joyous (in London, 1851). She left England in 1852. and went, liy way of tlie United States, where she made her first appear- ance in Xew York, on September 20. 1852. to .Aus- tralia. In 1855 she returned to Xew York, and about a year later she opened there a playhouse bearing her own name. Her most celebrated pro- duction was Our American Cousin, which she brought out in 1858. with Joseph Jefferson as Asa Trenchard and K. . Sothern as Lord Dun- dreary. She afterwards toured with it. and it was duriiig one of her presentations of this play in 1805 that President l.ini-oln was assassinate(l. Most of the last ten yc:irs of her career she con- tinued to direct her traveling company. As a star she was very successful, especially in melo- dramatic pieces. Miss Keene was twice married — to H. W. Taylor in 1847, and to John Lutz ten years later. She died at Montclair, X. J., Xo- vember 4, 1873. Consult Creahan, The Life of Laura Kccnc (Philadelphia, 1897). KEEP. In mediu'val fortification, the central and princii)al tower or building of a castle, and that to which the garrison retired, as a last re- sort, when the outer ramparts had fallen. See Castle. KEEP, Robert Porter (1844—). An Ameri- can educator and author. He was born in Con- necticut, and was educated at Yale University. .fter two years as an instructor at Yale, he was, during 1809-71, United States Consul at the Pira'us, Athens, Creece. After his return he en- gaged in teaching, and in 1885 was appointed principal of the free academy at Xorwich, Conn. He is the author of the following works: A translation of Autenrieth's Homeric Dictionary (1870) : Stories from Herodotus (1879) ; Essen- tial Uses of the Moods in (heel: and Latin (1882) : Homer's Iliad, books i.-vi. (1883) ; and Greek Lessons (1885). KEEPER OF THE GREAT SEAL, or Lord Keeper. .
amicnt jiulicial English officer to
whom was intrusted the Great Seal of the King- dom, and with it the function of sealing and issu- ing all charters, commissions, and grants of the Crown. The office was usually, but not necessa- rily, held by the Lord Chancellor until the fifth year of F.liznbeth. when it was merged in the office of the latter. Since that time the Lord Chancellor has been ex officio Keeper of the Great .Seal. KEEWATIN, ke-wii'tin r properly Keeway- Dixi. .
Indian name for the northwest wind,
applied to the territory lying to the west of Hudson Bay. Canada, and extending from Onta- rio and ilanitoba on the south to the .Arctic Ocean on the north (not including the Boothia and ^[elville peninsulas), and westward to the districts of .Xthabasea and ilackenzie (^lap: Canada. L 4). In its north-and-south direction it therefore extends almost entirely across the Canadian Dominion, a distance of about 1300
