KEEL. 425 KEELY MOTOB. steadied by keeping their righting moment (see Shipbuilding) fairly weak by means of arrange- ments of cargo and water ballast. A false keel is a facing of timber spiked to the main keel to protect it. Docking keels are side keels occasionally placed on ships for convenience in docking. They receive the upward thrust of bilge shores and distribute it along the bottom so that there is no danger of bending in the bottom plat- ing or warping or bending the frames. Keel- blocks. — The short built-up piles of timber on which the keel of a ship rests in building or when in a drj-dock. KEEOiEB, James Edwabd (1857-1900). An .merican astronomer, born at La Salle, 111., and educated at .Johns Hopkins University, from which he was graduated in 1881. He took part in the solar eclipse expedition to Colorado (1878). and four years afterwards in the ilount Whitney ex- pedition. After a year at the Alleghany (Pa.) Observatory, he went to Germany, and studied under Quincke, in Heidelberg, and Von Helm- holtz, in Berlin. He was appointed assistant in the Lick Observatory in 1880. and two years later became its astronomer. In ISDS he suc- ceeded Holden as director of the Lick Observatory after seven years at the head of the Alleghany Observatory". Keeler's greatest work was in spec- troscopy by his accurate definition of the chief line in the nebular spectrum. He wrote Spec- troscopic Observations of Nebulw (1894), and many contributions to the Astrophysical Journal, of which he was coeditor. KEE'LEY, Leslie (1836-1900). An Ameri- can physician, born in Saint Lawrence County, X. Y. He graduated at the Rush Medical Col- lege, Chicago, in 1863, and later entered the Federal Army as a surgeon. At the close of the war he removed to Dwight, 111., where he began the practice of his profession. Here in 1880 he opened a sanatorium for persons addicted to the immoderate use of alcohol and opium. His cure consisted of a secret preparation, which he said contained bichloride of gold; and such was his success that he was able to form a company which founded similar sanatoriums in other parts of the country. Dr. Keeley claimed that when his medicine was administered according to his directions it had no injurious effects, and that 95 per cent, of the patients treated were per- manently cured. Besides his The Morphine Eater, nr From Bondage to Freedom (1881), he pub- lished numerous articles in the periodical press. KEELEY, Mrs. Mary Anne (1805-99). An English comic actress, the wife of Robert Keeley (q.v. ). Born in Ipswich, Xovember 22. 1S05 (or 1806?), she made her appearance as Miss Coward in Dublin in 1823. In 1825 she came to London, soon becoming a member of the company at Covent Garden, with ilr. Keeley. to whom she was married about 1829. Among the parts in which she won her great popularitv were Xerissa in The Merchant of Venice (18.30): Smike in Mcholas .VicfcZefti/ ( 1837 ) : .Jack Sheppard(1838) ; Sairey Gamp (1844) : and Betty Martin (1855). In 1836-37 the Keeleys visited America, 'vith great success. From 1844 to 1847 they managed the Lyceum, where their production of The Cricket on the Hearth ran for over a year. The last forty years of her life were passed chiefly in retirement. On her ninetieth birthday a public reception was given her at the Lvceum. She died in London, March 13, 1899. Consult: Lewes, On Actors and the Art of Acting (Xew York, 1878) ; Scott, The Drama of Yesterday and To-day (London, 1899). KEELEY, Robert (1793-1869). An English comedian. He was bom in London, where he ap- peared, after playing in the provinces, in 1818. During the following years he became a gieat favorite as Jemmy Green in Tom and Jerry, Mr. Bounceable in What Have I Doncf Peter Pall ilall in The Prisoner of Yar, and in numy other popular pieces. He was most effective in the character of comic suffering or stupiditj-. His Touchstone was cscellent, and he made an ad mirable Sir Andrew Aguecheek when, with Charles Kean, at the Princess's Theatre in 1850, he revived Twelfth Xight. He died in London, February 3, 1869. Consult authorities referred to under Keeley, Mrs. Mary Axne; also Mars- ton, Our Recent Actors (London, 1890). KEEL-HAULING. A punishment formerly inflicted in the British and X'etherlands navies for certain very serious offenses. By means of whips or tackles usualh- on the foreyard-arms, the offender was hauled from one side of the ship to the other (or from one yard to the other) underneath the keel, being made to sink by weights attached to his feet. KEEOylNG ISLANDS, or Cocos. A gioup of small coral islands belonging to Great Britain, and situated in the Indian Ocean, in latitude 11° 49' to 12° 13' S. and longitude 97° E., 500 miles southwest of .Java. Their products are cocoa- nuts and cocoanut oil. They were discovered by Captain Keeling in 1609, and studied by Dar- win in 1836. Population, about 550, mostly Malays. KEELSON (Swed. kolsvin, Dan. kjiilsvin, Xorweg. kjolsvill, keelson, from Swed. kol, Dan. Xorweg. kjol, keel + svill, Icel. svill, syll. AS. syll, Eng. sill : influenced in Swed., Dan. by popu- lar confusion with sriM, Goth, swein, OHG., AS. SI' in, Ger. Schicein, Eng. swine). In wooden vessels, a construction of timber similar to the keel, but resting on the floor-timbers directly above the keel and bolted to it, thus gripping the floor-timbers firmly in place. Side keelsons or bilge-keelsons are smaller than the main keel- son, and placed out toward the turn of the bilge. Sister keelsons are side keelsons close up to the main keelson and bolted to it as well as to the floor-tinihcr and garboard strakes. KEELY MOTOK. A machine purporting to furnish motive power at a minimum expenditure of energy. It began to attract attention in 1874, and for several years excited wide interest. Its inventor. .John ^^'. Keely. a carpenter who was born in Philadelphia in 1837, and died there Xo- vember 18, 1898, made many startling claims and predictions for the success of his motors, asserting that they were destined to revolutionize mechanics. Several hundred thousand dollars were subscribed for the stock of the company formed to control the invention, and while the nature of the machine was kept a carefully guarded secret, it was widely exploited and at- tracted considerable attention. Various exhi- bitions were given, with some remarkable fea- tures : but the promised developments never ap- peared, and after the inventor's death the fraud was thoroughly exposed, it being showTi that the force was supplied by a hidden compressed-air apparatus.
