KILPATKICK. 494 KIMBALL. war he was brevcttcd brigailicr-gencral in the Ki'yular Army for 'gallant and nicritorioiis serv- ices in tlif capture of Faj-ettevlUf, X. (.'.,' and Diajor-ji^eneral f<jr his services during {lie cam- paign in the Carolinas, and in June, ISlio, at- tained the regular rank of major-general of vol- unteers. He resigned his commission in the Regular Army in December, 1805, and his commis- sion ill Ihe volunteer service in January. 180G, and from December, 1805, to August. 1808, was United Stales Jlinister to Chile, a position which )ie again held from .(une, ISSl, until his death at Santiago, in December. Consult jNIoore, Kiljiai- rich (iikI Our Country (New York, 1805). KILTTNG. A .seaport in Formosa. See IvELi Nc;. KILWA KIVINJE, kel'wii kuveii'ya, or QuiLOA, ke'lo-U. A seaport town of German East Africa, situated 180 miles south of Zanzibar (Map: Congo Free State, U 4). It has a cus- tom-house and a spacious roadstead nmch fre- quented by merchant vessels ; its trade is con- siderable. The town is supplied with water from a reservoir: its sanitary condition, which was formerly bad, has greatly improved. Popula- tion, in 1001. 8000. Kilwa Kivinje has supplant- ed the town of Kilwa Kisiwani. situated on an island 17 miles to the soiith. The latter is now almost abandoned, but during the Ar;ib domina- tion it was a flourishing port for the East Afri- can slave tr:ide. KILWIN'NING. A town in Ayrshire, Scot- land. 311. miles northeast of Irvine (Map: Scot-, land. D 4). It is the seat of a large engineer- ing and lire-elay works, a woolen factory, 1111- nierous coal-pits, and the Eglinton Iron-works. The parish church, built in 1775, occupies part of the site of the famous Abbey of Kilwinning, founded in 1140. The town is noted as the birthplace of freemasonry in Scotland, and until the institution of tlu' Grand Lodge in 17.30 all other lodges in Scotland received their char- ters from 'Mother Kilwinning.' Population, in 1891, 3835: in 1901, 4439. About a mile and a half to the southeast stands Eglinton Castle, the scene of tiie famous Eglinton Tournament in 1839. KIM'BALL, Arthur Eal. xe (1S,50— ). An American physicist, born at Succesanna Plains, N. J. He graduated in 1S81 at Priij^-eton. and in 1884 at the .Johns Hopkins University, where lie leniained as one of the faculty until his call to Amherst. In 1883-84. under the general direction of Professor Rowland (<i.v.) of the .lohns Hop- kins, and by approjiriation made by the United States Government, he made a valuable series of experiments for the determination of the unit of electric resistance. His writings include the Phi/sicdl Properties of Gases (1890). KIMBALL, llEHER Chase (180108). A prominent Jlorinon leader and priest. He was born at Sheldon. Vermont, and was the son of a blacksmith. He was bajitized into the Church of the Latter-Day Saints in 183'2: was shortly after- wards ordained an elder by .Joseph Smith, the founder of the Church ; and in 1835 bee:ime one of the 'Twelve Apostles.' In 1837, and again in 1840. he went as a missionary to England, where he made many converts. In 1846 he was made head priest of the Order of Melchizedek; in 1847 was chosen as one of Brigham Young's counsel- ors: and in 1S49 became Chief .Justice and Lieu- tenant-Governor of the State of Deseret. In 1848 he w.is indicted for treason by a United States grand jury, but was never brought to trial. KIMBALL, .James Pl t.nam ( 1830— ) . An American geologist, born at Salem, Mass. His .scientilic training was obtained at Harvard, Her- lin. (iiittingen. and the Freil)erg (Sa.xony) School of Mines, and he was subseciuently a member of the geological surveys of Wisconsin and Illinois. In lS(il-02 he was professor of chemistry and economic geology- in the New York State Agri- cultural College (Ovid), and in the latter year was appointed assistant adjutant -general of United States volnnteers, with rank of captain. He took part in the various campaigns of the Army of tiie Potomac as chief of stall" to Gen. M. K. Patrick, and v;is afterwards on the general stafls of McClellan. llurnside. Hooker, and Meade. From 1874 to 1885 he was hon- orary professor of geology in Lehigh University (Bethlehem, Pa.), and in 1885-88 was director of the LTniled States Mint. His writings, in addi- tion to otTicial reports, include contributions to periodicals on subjects of gcologj" and metallurgy. KIMBALL, Martha Gertrlde (1810 94). An .merican philanthropist, born in Portland, Maine. She accompanied her husband, who was appraiser of cajitured cotton, to the front in the Ciil War; acted as nurse during Shorman's campaign in Georgia; and was appointed in- si>ector of hospitals. Acting on her suggestion. General Logan, as head of the Grand Army ot the Kcnublic, introduced the observation of Deco- ration Day. KIMBALL, RiCHAHn BfRl-Eicn (1810-9-2). An AmeWean essayist and novelist. He was born in Plainfield, N. H., and educated at Dartmouth College, went to Paris in 1836 after two years' study of law, and upon his return practiced successfully in W:ilerford, X. v., and in X'ew York City. From 1S54 until 1800 he was president of the Galveslcn and Houston Railroad, which he had projected, thu first railroad built in the State of Texas. The most important of his varied writings, which include novels, essays, and books of travel, are: Letters from Europe (1842); Saint hegcr, or the Threads of Life (18,50>; Cuba and the Cubans (1850); Romance of Student Life Abroad (18.53); Undercurrents of ^VaIl Street (1801); Was He Successful? (1803); The Prince of Kashna (1804); Henry Powers, Banker (1868); To-Day in New York (1870); and Stories of Exceptional Life (1887). KIMBALL, ScMNER Increase (1834—). The organizer of the United States life-saving service. He was born at Lebanon, Maine: grad- uated from Bowdoin in 1855, and was admitted to the bar in 1858. In 1850 he was elected to the jVIaine I<cgislature, and in 1801 became a clerk in the Treasury Department at Washington. He was placed in charge of the revenue marine •service in 1871, and. by thorough reorganization, greatly increased the efliciency of the life-saving service. In 1878 this service was organized into a separate Inireau. with Mr. Kimball at its head, and under his direction was extended to the Pacific Coast and the Great Lakes. He served also as acting Register and acting Comptroller of the Trcasui-y. He is the author of Or;ianiza- tion and Methods of the United States Life- Saring Service.
