KIBKCUDBBIGHTSHIKE. 522 KIRKLAND. of cattle. The principal towns are Kirkcud' bright, the county town, Maxwelltown, and Ual- beathe. Population, in 1801, 29,200; in 1901, 39,400. KIRK'DALE CAVE. A locality in York- shire, England, fan'.ou-- for fossil nianimals. The cave, discovered in 1821, was described by Buck- land in his lieliqukr Diluvianw. The remains of the rhinoceros, tiger, bear, hyena, and of many other animals long since extinct in England have been found in the stalagmitic deposit lining the floor. KIBKE, kerk. Sir David (1590-C.1656). An Enghsli adventurer, born at Dieppe, France. His father, ticrvase Kirkc, a wine-dealer, returned to En^'land on account of the religious wars in France, and became one of the 'merchant adven- turers' of London. He was associated with Sir William Alexander in a project to capture New France and settle Xova Scotia, The exclusive right to the fur trade was given to them, and letters of marque to prey upon Frencli commerce were issued. In 162( three privateers were fitted out under the command of David Kirke and his brothers Lewis and Tlionias. These made a demonstration before Quebec, and captured about twenty French ships filled with settlers and sup- plies for the relief of the colony. In 1629, with a larger fleet, he captured another French vessel and forced Chaniplain to surrender Quebec. Charles I., however, had made peace with France and gave b,ick tlic compiests, though Kirke was knighted for his .services. In 10.37 Kirke received a grant of all Newfoundland, which had been abandoned by Lord Baltimore, and removed there to develop the fisheries. After the execution of Charles I. the grant was revoked by the Council. By the assistance ot Claypole. Cromwell's son-in- law. Kirke regained part of the grant. Consult Kirkc. First English Conquest of Canada (1871). KIBKE, Edmund. See Giljiobe, James Rob- erts. KIRKE, Percy (c.1646-91). An English sol- dier, probably of Derbyshire family. He was an ensign in the army by Kltid, seven years after- wards was with The Duke of Monmouth in France, and by 1680 was colonel of the Second Tangier Regiment, enlisted in London largely by himself. He was Governor of Tangier (1682-84), and on its evacuation returned to England with his soldiers, whom, as brigadier-general, he led at the battle of Sedgmpor (168.5). He became notorious for his hanging of Monmouth sympa- thizers, and his troops were called, in bitter irony, 'Kirke's Lambs.' At the revolution of 1688 be supported ;lliam III., who made him a major-general, and the foUowins year be was sent to the relief of Londojiderry of which he was made Governor. He upheld the Orange standard also at the battle of the Boyne and the siege of Limerick, and was made lieutenant-general in lOOO. His final campaign was in Flanders. KIRKE'S LAMBS. See Kirke, Percy. KIRKINTILLOCH, kerk'in-tll'lftK. A burgh of barony and market-town in Dumbartonshire, Scotland! on the Forth and Clyde Canal, seven miles northeast of Glasgow (Map: Scotland, D 4), It has chemical-works, iron-foundries, steam savmills, bleaching and printing works, collieries, ironstone mines and quarries. The town ovns the water-supply. The burgh had its origin in a fort on Antoninus's Wall, called Caer- pentulach (the fort at the end of the ridge), of which the present name is supposed to be a cor- ruption. It became a burgh of barony in the time of William the Lion. Population, in 1901, 10.502. KIRK-KILISSEH, kerk'-keli-sa' (the 'forty churches' I . A town of European Turkey, in the Vilayet of Edirneh (.Vdrianople) , in an agricul- tural district, 3.5 miles east-northeast of Adrian- ople (Jlap: Turkey in Europe. F 4). It is a chief point on the rou^e of traffic between Con- stantinople and the Balkans. There are a num- ber of mosques and Greek churches. The esti- mated population is 10,000, consisting of Bulgarians, Turks, Greeks, and Jews. KIBK'LAND, Carolixe Ma'ilda Stansdury (1801-04). An American author, born in New York Citv. .January 12. 1801 : died in Xew York, April fi, 1864. She was married in 1827 to Prof. William Kirkland. of Hamilton College. Xew Y'ork. With her husband she migrated to Michi- gan in 1830, and as the results of her pioneer life wrote: A Xetr Home, Who'll Folloir (1839), Forest Life (1342), and H'ctfcrn Clearinf/s (1840), published under the pseudonym 'Mrs. Mary Clavers.' In 1842 she returned to Xew York, where she established a boarding-school and contributed to the magazines. Her chief work, besides those already cited, was Holidays Abroad, or Europe from the ^^'est (1849). Mrs. Kirkland's best book is A ew Home, which is written in the style of Miss Mitford's Our 'il- lage. It possesses considerable charm, and gives a valuable picture of frontier life. KIBKLAND, Tames Hamptox (1859—). An American educator. He was born at Spartan- burg. S. C, and educated at WofTord College in that place. From 1878 to 1881 he was tutor in Greek and Latin at ofrord College, became professor in 1882, traveled and studied in Europe from 1883 to 1886, and received the degree of Ph.D. from Leipzig in 188.5. In 1886 he was made professor of Latin at Vanderbilt Univer- sity, and in 1893 became chancellor of that in- stitution. Besides monographs and contributions to educational periodicals, he published .'^tudi/ of the AnploSaxon Poem Called 6.1/ Orein "Die Hol- lenfnhrt Christi" (188.5). and edited the satires and epistles of Horace (1893). KIRKXAND, JcsEPn (1830-94). An Ameri- can novelist; the son of Caroline Matilda Kirk- land (q.v.) : born in Geneva, N. Y'., January 7, 1830; died in Chicago. 1894. He was educated in the common schools of Michigan, then went with his parents to Xew York, and after 18.56 resided in Illinois. He served in the Civil War and was promoted to be major. He then en- gaged in coal-mining in Illinois and Indiana, and used his experience for writing fiction on social subjects while practicing law in Chicago. Two novels of pioneer life in Illinois. Zurt/. the Meiin- est Man in fSprinfi Conntii (1887), and The ilc- Vetis (1888), are giaphic studies true to nature. Noteworthy also are The Captain of Company K (1889) and The Story of Chicago (2 vols., 1893-94). KIRKXAND, SAMrEL (1741-1808). .
Amerieaii missionary to the Iroquois Indians, born at Xorwich. Conn. He studied at Prince- ton, and received his degree in 1765. though he had left college the previous autumn to visit the Senecas and learn their language. After living among them for a year and a half, he was
