KIRKLAND. 523 KIEKWOOD. ordained at Lfibanon in 17G6, and was given a commission by the Congregational Church as missionary' to the Indians. He then took up his residence among the Oneidas. who occupied a central position among the Six Xations and whom he considered the noblest of the Iroquois. His mission was highly successful, and so great did iiis intluence among the Indians become that at the outbreak of the Kovolution he persuaded the Oneidas and Tuscaroras to remain neutral, despite the efforts of Sir William .Johnson and of the other nations to make them join the British, and finally when, during the second year of the war. they would remain quiet no longer, he pre- vailed upon them to support the Americans. He became an army chaplain, served at Fort Schuy- ler, undertook many dangerous missions, and was with Oeneral Sullivan on the Susquehanna in 1770. At the close of the war he returned to the Oneirlas. and in 179.3 founded the Hamilton Oneid.i Academy, an institution for the educa- tion of American and Indian youth, which in 1810 was raised to the rank of a college, and is now knovn as Hamilton College. His letters, journals, and a vindication, which he wrote in answer to a complaint from the Indians in 1794. contain much valuable information con- cerning the Iroquois. Consult Life of Samuel Kirkl'iixl. Miss-ionnrii to the Inrlint:!i, by Samuel K. Lothrop, his grandson, in Sparks's Library of American Biography (vol. xxv. ; new series, XV.. Boston, 1848). KIKKMAN, kerk'man, JIarshaix ilosROE (1S42 — ). An American railway official and writer on railway subjects, born in Illinois. In I8.")(i he entered the service of the Chicago and Xortlnvestern Railway, of which he was made second vice-president in 188fl. His numerous ■works on railways include: Railway Expendi- tures { 1877) : Train and fitation Service (1870) ; The Itagqage. Parcel, and Mail Traffic (1879); The Track- Account of Railroads (1882); Rail- wai/ Legislation (188G); Maintenance of RaiU tcays ( 1886) : The Handling of Rmlxoay Supplies ( 1887 ) : and Railway Rates and Government Con- trol I 1892 I . KIBKPAT'RICK, Sir George Aibet (1841 — ). A Canadian statesman, born in Kingston, Ontario. He graduated from Trinity College, Dublin, in 1861. and was admiited to the bar of Upper Canada in 186.5. In 1870 he was elected to the Dominion Parliament, and he was returned several times svibsequently, being chosen Speaker in 18S3. He saw active service during the Fenian raids, and became lieutenant-colonel of the Forty- seventh Battalion in 1S72. In 1801 he was ap- pointed Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario, and he was knighted in 1802. KIRK'S ANTELOPE. See Bexi-Israel. KIRKSVILLE, kfrks'vil. A city and the jounty-seat of Adair County. Mo., 204 miles nortlnvest of Saint Louis; on the Wabash and the Omaha. Kansas City and Eastern railroads (ilap: Missouri. D 1). A State normal school is situat- ed here, and there is a fine court-house. The city is the commercial centre for a fertile agricultural district, and has ironworks, a handle-factory, and other industries. Kirksville. first settled in 1840, is governed, under a charter of 1893. by a mayor, elected every two years, and a cotincil. The water-works are owned and operated by the Vol. Xl— 34. municipality. Population, in 1890, 3510; in 1900, 5906. KIRKWALL, kerk'wal. A seaport and mar- ket-town of Scotland, capital of the Orkney Is- lands, on the northeast coast of Mainland (Map: Scotland, F 2). It is the seat of the superior courts of law for Orkney, and has an important shipping trade, annual fair, libraries, and mu- seum it has regular steam communication with Leith. Aberdeen, and Lerwick, the chief to«-n of the Shetland Island.s. Its chief imports are timber and flour, and herring is the principal article of export. Its chief building is the Cathedral of .Saint Magnus, a fine cruciform structure, in nii.ed N'orman and Gothic, dating from about the j'ear 1138. In the choir of this cathedral service is still held. Around it are the ruins of the King's castle, the Earl's palace, and the Bishop's palace. Kirkwall was made a roval burgh in 1486. Population, in 1901, 3G60. KIRK'WrOOD, kCrk'wnd, Da.viel (1814-95). An . Krican astronomer, born in Maryland. He was a teacher of mathematics in the Academy of York County. Pa., from 1838 to 1843. when hewas appointed principal of the Lancaster High School, where he remained until 1848, resigning to accept a position in the Pottsville Academy. In 1849 lie announced his recently discovered analogy be- tween the periods of rotation of the primary planets. In 1851 he was appointed professor of mathematics in Delaware College, and in 1854 he was chosen president of the same institution. He served in this capacity until 1856. wlien he resigned to take the chair of matheniatics in the University of Indiana at Bloomington. His re- searches in regard to the nebular hypothesis attracted wide attention among scientific men. His published works include: Comets and Me- teors: Their Phenomena in All Ages, and Their Mutual Relations and the Theory of TheirOrigin ; and a valuable paper on The S'ebular Hypothe- sis and the Approximate Commensurability of the Plnnctnni Periods. KIBKWOOD, Samuel Jordan (1813-94). An American political leader and Cabinet officer, born in Harford County. Md. He was educated in an academy at Washington, D. C. and in 1835 fettled in Oliio. where, after studying law, he was admitted to the bar in 1843. His first offi- cial position was that of county attorney of Richland County (184.V491. and "in 1850 51 he was a member of the Olrio Constitutional Con- vention. In 1S55 he removed to Iowa, where for a time he devoted himself to various manufactur- ing enterprises. Becoming identified with the new Republican Party, he was elected in 1856 to the State Senate, and in 1859 he was elected Governor of the State. Reelected in 1861. he became one cf the most faithful and indefatigable of the nation's famous "war Governors.' Under his supervision fifty regiments of infantry and cavalry were enlisted, and the State's quota kept always more than filled. In 1866 he was elected to the United States Senate to fill the unexpired term of .lames Harlan (q.v.). who had resigned to enter Lincoln's Cabinet. In 1975 he was for a third time elected Governor of Iowa, and on the completion of his term of office was again (1^77) elected United States Senator, serving until 1881, when he entered the Cabinet of President Gar- field as Secretary of the Interior. He resigned
