KI-TSE. 531 KITTO. eight laws. Since Koieau tradition is dependent on Cliincse history, critical scholarship does not see in the modern Koreans the descendants of Ki and his settlers, nor in their claims the exact truth. For The Great Flan, consult Lcgge, Chinese Classics, vol. iii. (Hong Kong, 1805; . KITTAN'NING. A borough and the county- seat of Armstrong County, Pa., 44 miles north- cast of Pittsburg; on the Allegheny Kiver, and on the .Allegheny Valley Railroad (.Map: Pennsyl- ViUiia, B 3). it has large iron and steel works, foundries, flour and lumber mills, a cotfinfactory, china, pottery, brick, lime, and clay works, plate- glass works, mirror and tyiiewriter factories, a brewery, etc. Coal, iron ore, aiul other mineral deposits are fotmd in the vicinity, and the borough is su[)plicd with natural gas. Popula- tion, in 1800. .50<l.5; in 1900, 390:2. KIT'TATIN'NY. A mountain ridge, averag- ing 1:200 to ISUO feet in altitude, which begins in Lister County, X. V.. and extends .southwest- ward through northwestern Xew Jersey (ilap: New Jersey, C 1 ) . It forms the eastern ridge of the Appalachian system in this section, and after ])assing the Delaware Watergap it is continued through eastern Pennsylvania in the uplift known as lilue -Mountain. See App.l.ciii. s. KIT'TERY. A town in York County. Jle., on the Piscataqua liiver. about four miles from the ocean and opposite Portsmouth. X. H.. and on the Boston and Maine Railroad (Map: ilaine, B 9). It has the Rice Public Library of 4750 volumes, and several hotels. On Corifincutal Isl- and in the river is the naval station known of- ficially .as the Portsmoutli Xa-y Yard. Settled in l(i24, Kittcry was incorporated inidcr its present name in 1047. It was the birthplace and home of Sir William Pepperell (q.v. ). an<l formerly car- ried nn an extensive ship))ing trade. Popvilation, in ISilO. -2804; in 1000, 2S72. KITTIM (Authorized Version, Chifthn : Re- vised 'ersion. Kitlim). The name of a people described in Gen. x. 4 as descended from Javan (i.e. Ionia K From such expressions as "isles of Kittim' (.Ter. ii. 10: Fzek. xxvii. 6) it is evident that an entire territory is included in the term. The other places mentioned in connection with Kittim, viz. Elishah, Tarshish, and Dodanini ( =Rod.inini) .make it quite certain. together with the other references in the Old Testament to Kit- tim, that some island to the west of the Phce- nician coast is intended, and since there is alnni- ilant testimony to the existence of an important town Kition or Cition (the modern Larnaka) in Cyiu'us. the identification of Kitlim with the inbai)itants of Cy|irus is assured. In the wider sense it is a general term for islands lying to the west. The Phoenicians made settlements in Cyprus in very early days, though probably not dating before n.c. 800, but the oldest inhabitants were of Greek origin, as the characters of the Cypriote script show and the various antiquities found through modern excavations. It is to the (Jreek settlers of Cyprus that the passage in the tenth chapter of Genesis refers. .s a geograjihi- <al term, iiowever. Kittim- is used rather indefi- nitely, and in Balaam's prophecy ( Num. xxiv. 24) it is .ipplied to .i western power in general. In Eg>-ptian inscriptions similarly Kcfto. which usually designates Cilicia. is also sometimes made to include Cvprus. the more specific name for which oil Egyptian monuments is Asiya. In Babylonian inscriptions Cyprus appears under the form Alashiya. Consult iliiller, Asien und Eiiroj/n (Leipzig, 1893). KITTIWAKE (so called in imitation of iu cry). A medium-sized gull of the genus Rissa, characterized by the rudimentary or very small liind toe and the peculiar pattern of coloration of the primaries. It is confined to the Xortheru Hemisphere add breeds in inunense numbers along the rocky coasts of the northern oceans, building its nests on ledges and inaccessible elitls. The nests are made of seaweeds, grass, moss, and the like, and the eggs, usually three, are, like those of other gulls, bufiy or grayish brown, marked with chocolate-brown. The kittiwakes do not ditfer essentially from the other gulls in their ' food or habits. Only two species are known, of which the common kittiwake {Rissa tridnctyla) is the most widely distributed. It occupies dur- ing the summer the entire circurapolar region in .merica. and breeds as far south as the Magdalen Islands and northern Jlinnesota, while in winter it wanders south to the Caspian Sea and Mediter- ranean, and in the western Atlantic to the coasts of 'irginia. The same species occurs in winter about the Great Lakes, and on the Pacific Coast as tar south as Puget Sound. It is a curious fact that Pacific Coast specimens have the hind toe much better developed, and provided with a small claw, and they are accordingly recognized as a subspecies (var. poUicaris). The second species of kittiwake {Ilissa brcvirostris) is an inhab- itant of Bering Sea, where it is a permanent resi- dent, and breeds in vast numbers on the inacces- sible crags of rocky islands. It is easily distin- guislicd from the common kittiwake by the shorter bill, longer wing, and the color of the feet, which in life are coral-red, but when dry are yellow; the feet of the common species are black- ish. Consult Job, Amonii the Waterfowl (Xew York, 1902), and standard authorities. KIT'TO, John- (1804-54). An English bibli- cal siiiolar. born at Plymouth, December 4. 1S04. In his thirteenth year he lost his power of hear- ing in consequence of a fall. His father's circum- stances at this tin;e were so wretched that young Kilto was soon after sent to the workhouse. Here he learned the trade of shoem;(king. In 1824 he went to Exeter to learn dentistry vrith .Anthoi)' X'orris Groves, one of the founders of the Plymouth Brethren, and later a devoted inde- pendent missionary in the East. Mr. Groves en- couraL'cd Kitto in his literary aspirations, and in 1825 lie published Essays and Letters hy John Kilto. In the same year Kitto was sent by the kindness of various friends to the missionary college at Islington, to be trained as a printer on one of the Church Missionary Society's foreign presses. In 1827 he went in that capacity to Malta, but was recalled in 1829 because he neglected his duties in his devotion to literature. In June. 1S29. he accompanied Mr. Groves and family on a tour lo the Ea.st. visiting in the course of his travels Saint Petersburg, Astrakhan, the Kalmuck Tatars, the Caucasus. Armenia, Persia, and Bagdad. Uo returned to England in 1833. The rest of his life was spent in the ser- vice of the booksellers. He died at Cannstadt. in Wiirttemberg. Xovember 25. 1854. His principal works are: 7'/ie Pictorial Bible (1838: new ed. 1855) : Pictorial History of Palestine (1839-40) ; History of Palestine (1843) .: The Lost Sensea—
