KITTO. 532 KIUPKILI. Deafness and lilhidiicss' (1845); Journal of Hucred Literature (li54B-53); and Daily Bible Illustrations (8 vols., 184U-53; new ed. by Porter, 186l)-()7) . lie also edited the Vyclopa-diu of Bibli- cal Literature (2 vols., 1845; 3d ed., 3 vols., by W. L. Alexander, 1802-70). Consult his biography by Kyland (London, 1850), and by J. Eadie (Edinburgh, 1857). KITUNAHAN, k^'too-nii'han. A North American Indian slock. See KuTENAI. KIUH-FOW, kyoo'fou', Keuii-fow, K'u-fow, or ('n'i -Fou. A small prefeetural eity in the Department of Yeii-chow-fu, Shantung, China, situated about 10 miles northeast of Yen-chow, It is noted as the birthplace of Confucius, and the residence of Duke K'ung, his lineal descend- ant in the eightieth generation. The eity is walled, has five gates, and is aliout one mile in length and half a mile in width. Two of the gates are in the south wall, the more westerly one being ojjened only on the occasion of an Im- perial visit. A beautiful aveiuie of cypresses and otlier fine old trees leads from this to the main entrance of the Great Temple, or rather series of temples erected here in honor of Confucius. The main building is a gorgeous aft'air, of im- pressive i)roportions. built of the heaviest teak- wood from Burma, with elal)orate, massive, gor- geously colored eaves, and roofed with yellow glazed tiles. The front veran<la is supported by ten great stone i)illars 22 feet high, two feet in diameter, each of one piece, and very deeply cut in relief with coiling dragons. Within the building stands a statue of the saint, with his favorite disciples ranged on either side. On a high table in front are some very ancient relies. In a .separate inclosure a little distance to the north of the city is the Sage's grave, surrounded by the graves of the K'ung family. It is ap- proached by a fine avenue of cypresses, and stands in a little forest of oak, cypress, pine, etc. The mound is 25 feet high. The graves of generation after generation are scattered all around, with monuments and imposing pailows. The Tai-ping rebels spared Kiuh-fow. Population, about 20,- 000 KIU-KIANG, kyoo'kyiing' (Chin., Nine Riv- ers). A departmental city of the Province of Kiang-si, China, opened by treaty in 18G1 as a place of foreign residence and trade. It is situ- ated on the right l)anU of the Yang-tse, about 130 miles southeast of Hankow (q.v.), 445 above Shanghai, and 12 above the entrance to the Po- yang Lake (.Map: China, E 0). The circuit of the city is about five miles. The princi])al gates are those on the east and west. Outside the west gate lies the principal subtirb, and to the west of this is the foreign settlement, which stretches along the Yang-tse for 500 yards, with a fine 'bund' or esplanade along the river bank. Be- hind the city and the settlement lie large shallow lakes, which in some places skirt the city walls, and to the west of the settlement flows a little river called the P'un. The native city presents no feature of special interest. It was taken by the Tai-ping rebels, and held by them for five years, and was utterly destroyed before they left it. The foreign population is small. There is an Episcopal church (the British Government hav- ing formerly maintained .n consular chape! here) and a Roman Catliolic cathedral: and there are several successful Protestant missions. The set- tlement is managed by a municipal council elected by the land-renters, and is well laid out, lighted, drained, and watched. The clinmte is pleasant, though the heat in summer is frequent- ly as high as 100 F. The trade is not extensive, owing largely to the up-stream distance from the entrance to the Po-yang Lake, the current l)eing too strong for native cargo-boats to stem. In 1!»00 the total value of the trade was $ll,7ni,.508, a f:illing oil' of over two millions from 18'JU, owing to the Bo.ver troubles. There is no direct foreign trade. Communication with the Po-yang jiorts is maintained by means of native-owned steam launches. The principal exports are tea, tobacco, rice, paper, grass-cloth, hemp, and chinawarc; and the imports, cotton and woolen goods, metals, and o])ium. The grave of Chu- tu-tse, the philosopher (a.d. 1130-1200), is shown near bv. The population was estimated in 1900 at 02,000. KI1JN. See Ciiiun. K'lUNG-CHO'W, kyoiing'elmu', or Ch'iuno- ciiof. A dejiartmcnt of the Chinese Province of Kwang-tung, made up entirely of the island of Hainan (q.v.) (Ma]i; China, 1) 8). It con- tains three prefeetural cities of the rank of chow, and 10 of hien (or hsien) rank. The de- partmental city is also called K'iung-ehow, and is distant .about three miles from the sea, where its 'port,' called Hoihow (literally 'seaport'), is situated. The city was opened to foreign resi- dence and trade in 1870. The trade is not very great. In 1900 it amounted to only $2,702,327. ' Kerosene oil from Russia, Sumatra, and llie ,'nited States is one of the cliief imports. Tlie cliief exports are pigs, sugar, eggs, betel-nuts, poultry, grass-cloth, hemp, galangal, and sesa- nuim seeds. Ten miles south of- the city are the K'iung Mountains, where a particular kind of jade is said to be found. This gives name to the depart- ment and its chief city. The name dates from the year a.d. 054. Pojiulation of the citv, 35,000, and of the department, about 2,000,000. KIUPRILI, ku-pre'le, or KIOPRILI. The name of a family of grand viziers of Turkey. — iloHAMJtED Kii'PRiLi ( 1.585-lfiGl ) was an Alba- nian, and entered the palace in a menial position, but by his ability he Ix'came in time Governor of Damascus, Tripoli, and .lerusalem. In the troubles which followed the death of Sultan llira- him, and while Jlohanuned IV. was still a minor, the Sultana, Valideh, appointed him Grand Vizier, September 15, 1050, but he accepted the ollice only after he had been given full authority. He ruled with great energy and severity, suppress- ing religious fanatics and rebels. He also re- stored order in the administration. Against Avis- tria and Venice he waged successful war. and the islands of Lemnos and Tencdos' were recovered fro7n the latter. He left his power to his son -li- MEi) (1030-70). Like his father, the latter an- tagonized the ultra-orthodox, and in 1003 took conniumd of the armies against Austria. He over- ran Hungary and Transylvania, and captured sev- eral strong towns. Christian Europe, however, was alarmed and France sent aid to Austria, and on August 1, 1004, the Tiirks were decisively defeated at the battle of Saint Gofthard by th" Imperial forces under the Count of Monteeucecli (q.v.). Nevertheless Kiuprili was able to co;i elude an advantageous peace. In 1669 Candia
