KLOSTERMANN. 542 KLtrCKHOHN. KLOSTERMANN, klOs'ter-man. Heixricu AiGibT (1837—). A German Lutheran theolo- gian, born at Steinhude and educated at Erlangen and Berlin. He was repetent and docent of theology at Giittingen until 1868, when he accept- ed a chair of Old Testament exegesis. He wrote: Vindiciw Lucanw (1866), Das llarkusevangelium (1807); Intersuchungen !:ur alttestamenilichen TheolOf/ie (1868); I'rohlcmc im ApostcUext neu erortert {ISS3) ; Ziir Theorie .der biblischen Weis- sagung tiiid zur Churacteristlk des Hebraerbriefes { 1889) ; Der Pentateuch (1893) ; and Geschichte des Volkes Israel (1896). KLOSTERNEUBURG, klos'ter-noi'boorK. A town (if Lower Austria, on the right bank of tlio Danube, six miles west-northwest of Vi- enna. It is the seat of the oldest Augustinian monastery in Austria. It was founded by ilar- grave Leopold III. of Babenberg in 11O0-.36. The palatial abbey l)uildings. erected by Charles VI., contain a library of more than 40,000 vol- umes (1500 incunabula) and 1600 JISS. In the nuisenm is the Austrian archducal hat. used in the ceremonial of swearing allegiance. The old German monastery church of Saint Maria con- tains a number of fine paintings and a magnifi- cent high altar. Population, in 1890. 8988; in 1000. 11,595. The town was built by Charle- magne on the site of a Roman castle, and made a city by Duke Albert I. (1298) under the name of Xeuburg-Klosterholben. KLOTZ, klots. Chri.sti.x Aholf (1738-71). A German Latinist and literary critic, born at Bischofswerda. He was educated at Halle, Leip- zig, and Jena ; qualified as docent and became professor at Jena when only twenty-four years old. A year afterwards (176.3) he was chosen professor of philosophy at Giittingen, and in 1765 became professor of oratory at Halle. He is re- membered chiefly on account of his quarrel with Piet«r Burmann, the younger, and of his criti- cism of Lessing's Laokoon, the brochure Ueber den iitzen und Gebrauch der alien geschnitteti- en Steine (17C8), which Lessing answered in his Briefe antiqtiarischcn Inhalts (1768-69). Klofz had a remarkably pure Latin style, which is best shown in his satiric works. Mores Erudi- ionim. in his Opuscula Lntinn (1760). and in his journal, the .Ic/rt /ji^erarm (1704-72). His other works on classical subjects include the editions of Tyrta-us (1764) and of Vida's De Arte Poetica (1776). Opuscula PliUologica et Oratorio ( 2) , Vindiciw Horatiance (1764), and Lectiones Venu- sin«r (1771). Consult Hansen. Leben und Char- akter JJerm Klotz' (Halle, 1772), and Hagen, Briefe deutscher Oelehrten an Klotz (1773). KLOTZ, KLOZ, or CLOTZ, M.tthias (1640- 96). A well-known Bavarian violin-maker, and head of the celebrated family of violin-makers of that name. He was born at Mittenwald and was probably a pupil of .Jakob Stainer (q.v.). Al- though he was the maker of several very excellent specimens, he did not as a rule exercise sufTicient skill or care in the .selection of his wood. His varnish is considered by modern experts to have been of good quality, but this, like the undoubted beauty of his model, was more than discounted by his negligence in the respect above mentioned. — ^His two sons. 8eba.sti.
(born in 1675) and
Georg (bom C.1677), were also makers of vio- lins and greatly surpassed their father in every way, although the work of Georg is noticeable for the same fault that marred that of his father. Sebastian was the best workman of the entire family. He marked his violins with a secret mark only distinguishable, as a rule, bj' connoisseurs. It consists of the initials S. K. marked in some obscure part of the instiaiment. — In a subsequent generation was Egita, also born at Mittenwald, in the first half of the eighteenth' century, who is conspicuous for the fact that he used Swiss pine instead of white larch for the bellies of his violins; and further, used a label of his own, instead of that which marks the other Klotz examples. He exhibited remarkable skill and knowledge in selecting his materials, in con- sequence of which they have improved very much with age, and are considered to possess a broader and more resonant tone than those of any other of the Bavarian makers. — His son .Joseph inherit- ed his skill in the selection of materials, and, al- though not as well made as those of the elder Klotz. his instruments are held in considerable estimation. His model is somewhat broader tlian that of the typical Klotz violin. — A distant rela- tive. J. Karl Klotz. who worked about 1740. has al.so left some good examples. His model is flatter and broader than those of the makers above named and is distinguished for its excellent workmanship, seasoned wood, and rich orange-red varnish. The tone is brilliant. KLiJBER, klu'ber. .Toha>-n Ludwig (1762- 1837 I. A German publicist, born at Tann. near Fulda. He was professor of law at the uni- versities of Erlangen (1780-1804) and Heidel- berg (1807-08), held high f>o«itions in the Gov- ernment service at Karlsruhe ( 1804-07 and 1808- 17), and was in Vienna during the Congress of 1814-15, collecting the Akien des Wiener Eon- gresses in den Jahren ISl'i und 1S15 (1815-19), of which the most important portions were re- printed separately under the title QueUensamm- lung zn dem offentliclien Hechte des Deutschen Bundes (1830). In 1817 he entered the Prussian service, and was appointed Privy Councilor in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs under Harden- berg, whom he accompanied to the Congress at Aix-la-Chapelle (1818). and he took an impor- tant jiart in other political negotiations at Frankfort and Saint Peterslnirg. When, at the appearance of the second edition of his Oeffent- liche» Recht des Deutschen Bundes und der Bun- desstaaten, in 1822, book and author became the objects of political vilification, he resigned his post and retired to Frankfort. The more impor- tant of his other writings are: Le droit des gens moderne de VEurope (1819, 2d ed.. 1874) ; Ah- hatidlungen und Beobachtungen fiir Geschichts- kunde, ^taats- und Rechtsirissenschaften (1830- 34) ; and Pragmatische Geschichte der nationtilcn und politischen Wied^ergeburt Griechenlands (1835). KLirCKHOHN, kiiSok'hon. August (1832- 93). A German historian. He was born at Ba- venhausen and studied at Heidelberg and Giittin- gen. In 1858 he went to Munich to become one of the editors of Sybel's Historische Zeitschrift. In 1865 he was appointed professor of history at Munich, and in 1883 he went to the L'niversity of Giittingen. His works include: Geschichte des Gottesfriedens (1857) : Wilhehn III.. Herzog 10^1 Bayern-Lnnd.-ihut (1865): Friedrich der Fromme. Kurfiirst von der Pfalz (1876-79); Luise. Konigin von Preussen (1876); BUicher (1879) ; Veber L. von Westenrieders Leben und
