KNOLLES. 553 KNOT. came a fellow there, and then head-master of the graniinar school. Sandwich, Kent, for the re- mainder of his life. His (j'eiierall Historic of the Turlccs from the First licyiiinini) of that yation (1003) was reprinted half a dozen times before the end of the century, and issued in an abridged form in two volumes in 1701. Dr. .Johnson gave high praise to the clearness and purity of its elaborately arranged English, while both Byron and Son) hey owned Knolles a master of prose composition. KNOLLYS, nolz, Sir Fkancis (c.1514-96). An English statesman. He was a gentleman pensioner at the Court of Henry VIU., and a member of Parliament from 1.542. His aggressive Puritanism rendered the Continent safer for him than England during Queen Mary's reign, but p^lizabeth called him to her Privy C'oimcil ( 1558) , making him also vic-e-chanil)erlain of her house- hold, and captain of halberdiers, while Lady Knollys, who was the Queen's first cousin, be- came a woman of the privy chamber. He was made Governor of Portsmouth in 1503, was sent on diplomatic service in Ireland in 1500, and was appointed treasurer of the rojal household in 1572. The most interesting part of Knollys's career relates to his association with Mary, Queen of Scots, whose custodian he was at Carlisle Castle (1508), and afterwards at Bolton. He conscientiously strove to make a Protestant of her, and as conscientiously warned Elizabeth against holding her in prison without a trial : but finally voted for her speedy execution ( 1587) . The following year he took command of the Hert- fordshire and Cambridge.shii-e troops assembled to oppose a landing of Spaniards from the Armada. He was knighted three years before his death. His letters are of more historical im- portance than his Parliamentary speeches or his religious tracts. KNOLLYS, Hanserd (e.lo99-1691) . An English Baptist clergjinan. He was born at Cawkwell. Lincolnshire; was educated at Cam- bridge : and was eom])elled to flee to New Eng- land, where his vigorous attacks on infant bap- tism speedily involved him in controversy with the authorities. Cotton Mather nicknamed him 'Mr. Absurd Knowless,' although he mentioned him as 'godly Ana-baptist.' He preached at Dover, N. H., 1038-41 : and in the latter year, after a brief stay on Long Island, he returned to Lon don, where, though frequently in trouble with the authorities, he was popular as a i)reacher. He published several works on theological subjects, and a Hebrew grammar; and left an autobiog- rajjhy, edited bv Kifiin (1092). The Hanserd Knollys Society, founded in London in 1845, for the publication of early Baptist writings, issued ten volumes, and then disbanded. KNOLLYS, or KNOLLES, Sir Robert (c.13171407) . An English -.oldier of fortune, born in Cheshire. His deserved reputati(m as a famous fighter was acquired chiefly in Brittany, where he was first remarked at the siege of La Roche d'Orient (1340). and he was one of the knights in the Combat of the Thirty in 1351. when he was taken prisoner. On his release, he took command of a body of freeboofers. was custodian to. certain Breton castles, and made marauding expeditions inio Normandy with Henry of Lan- caster (1350-57). As leader of the Great Com- pany, he plundered fort3' castles in the valley of the Loire, pillaged Auxerre in 1359, supported •John de Montfort at the siege of Auray in 1304, and went with the Black Prince to Spain in 1367, l)ut was recalled in 1370 to England, whose King, Edward III., was planning an invasion of France. Knollys was given charge of the expedition, which, with Calais as a starting-point, laid waste the country as far as Rheims, and to the environs of Paris itself, but it was unsuccessful in drawing the French into a battle, though they were de- terred from invading Wales. Knollys returned to England in time to take the leadership in Lon- don at the suppression of the Wat Tyler rebel- lion, and for this he was given the freedom of the fity. Part of the great wealth be had ac- quired through his raids he spent in endowing colleges and hospitals, and in rebuilding churches after his retirement to England. KNOORHAAN, knorluin (Dutch gurnet, lit. gristle-cock). In South Africa, a bustard (q.v.). KNOBR, knOr, Ludwig (18.59—). A German chemist, best known for his work in synthesis, especially his discovery of the pyrazol compounds, of which antipyrine is most commonly used. He was born at ilunich ; studied there, at Heidelberg and Erlangen ; and was appointed professor at Wiirzburg ( 1888), and at Jena (1889). KNOBTZ, knorts, Karl (1841 — ). A Ger- man-American author and educator, born at Garbenheim near Wetzlar, where he studied at the Koyal Gymnasium. He graduated at Heidelberg L'niversity in 1803, and went the same year to the United States. He taught German language and literature at Detroit (1800-08), at Oshkosh till 1871, at Cincinnati, and New York (1882), and also edited German papers in Cincinnati and In- dianapolis. In 1892 he was made su|)erintendent of the German department in the public schools of Evansville, Ind. He translated Erangeline, Hiawathti. and The Courtship of Miles Standish ( 1872) , and, in 1879. W'hittier's Snoic Bound and Whitman's Leaves of Grass, and he published in Berlin a Geschiehte dcr nordamcrikanischen Lit- tcratur (1891). Besides literarj- essays and works upon child education, he wrote iliirchen und /SugcH der nordamerikanischen Indianer (1871) ; Amerikanisehe Skizzen (1876) : Modem American Lyrics (1880); Aus dem Wigwam ( 1880) ; Kapital und Arbeit in Amerika ( 1881 ) ; and Amerikanisehe Lebensbilder (1884). KNOT (also .9/10^ dialectic A;na<, fcur; ; derived, according to popular etymology, from AS. Cnut, Canute, who was said to have been very fond of the bird). .-V cosmopolitan snipe {Tringa canu- tus), 10 or 11 inches long, and more than "20 across the wings. The upper parts are black, white, and rufous; in summer the under parts are rufous, while in winter they are white. The breeding habits are almost unknown, and the eggs are known only from a single specimen found by Gen. A. W". Greely. U. S. A., and de- scribed as light pea-green closely spotted with brown. Knots are generally found in flocks, feed- ing on small crustaceans and mollusks. and prob- ing the ground like snipes. In summer the knot is to be found only in the far North, where it seems to be circumpolar, but in winter it mi- grates far to the south in all directions from its summer home, so that it is found along the shores of all the continents. It is a favorite shore-bird with irunners. who know it as 'robin-snipe' and ■gray snipe,' and its flesh is delicious.
