KONIGSTEIN. 585 KONRAD VON WURZBURG. erected during 1589 - 1731. The fortress of Konigstein was formerly considered impregnable. Tlie town has some manufactures and commerce. Population, in 1890, 3988; in 1900, 4274. KONIGSWART, ke'niKsvart. A watering- place of Bohemia, five miles from Marienbad ( Map : Austria, C 2). It has an old castle which has belonged to the Metternich family since tlie sev- enteenth century; it contains a valuable library and numerous art treasures. There are chaly- beate and mud baths. Population, in 1900, 2039. KONINCK (CONINCK), ko'nink, David DE (1636 — ?). A Flemish painter, born in Ant- werp. There he studied with Peter Boel and entered the Painters' Guild in 1663. After trav- eling in Germany and France, in 1670 he settled at Rome, where the frequent introduction of a rabbit in his paintings made him known as "Ramelaer." He did not die at Rome, as is com- monly stated, but returned to Antwerp in 1087, and removed to Brussels in 1699. He painted animal and still life, and in style his work re- sembles Jan F^-t's. He is well represented in the museums of Amsterdam and Vienna. KONINCK, or CONINGH, Philips (1619- 88). A Dutch landscape painter, born at Amster- dam. He was one of the most notable scholars of Rembrandt, and painted portraits and land- scapes ; the landscapes are remarkable and very valuable. It is believed he was a great traveler, but the details of his life are not known. Lin- gelbach and Dirk van Bergen sometimes painted the figures in his landscapes. A "Landscape" (1676) and '"Entrance to a Forest," in the Am- sterdam JIuseum, are fine examples of his work, and a "View," in the National Gallery, London, should also l)e mentioned. KONINCK, Pierre de (also De Coxinck and Deconing). a Flemish popular leader of the fourteenth century. He is described by Guizot as "A simple weaver, obscure, poor, undersized, and one-eyed, but valiant and eloquent in his Flemish tongue." He became the leader at Bruges of a revolt against the oppression of Philip IV. (the Fair) of France. The other communes of Flanders assisted the movement, and about 20,000 troops were collected. Near Courtrai this force totally defeated the French armv of about 50.000 commanded bv Robert, Count d'Artois (.July 11. 1302). The French loss was between 12.000 and 15.000. Koninck was lavishly rewarded, and treated with distinc- tion. French prestige in Europe was seriously affected by this reverse, and Philip undertook a war of revenge, which culminated only in his acknowledgment of Flemish independence in 1305. KONINCK, or CONINGH, Salomon (1609- 56). A Dutch painter, born at Amsterdam. He was a pupil of David Colyns and Xicholaas Aloyaert, but afterwards became an imitator of Rembrandt. Some of Koninck's liest works have been attributed to this master, among them "Joseph Explaining Pharaoh's Dream." In 1630 he became a member of the Academy of Painters of Amsterd.Tm. He also left some excellent etchings in the manner of Rembrandt, notably the head of an old man. KONOTOP. ko'no-t'.p'. . to^-n in the Gov- ernment of Tchornigov, Russia, situated about 85 miles east-southeast of Tchernigov. It has a technical school, and carries on some trade in grain, honey, and wax. Population, in 1897, 19,406. KONRAD, kon'rat. The name of several Ger- man emperors. See Coxkad. KONRAD DEK Pfaffe (the priest). A mediie- val German poet, who flourished in the first half of the twelfth centurj-. He was a priest in the service of Duke Henry the Proud of Bavaria, and wrote about 1131. probably at Ratisbon, the Rolandslied, a poetic paraphrase of the French Chanson de Roland, which he had first translated into Latin prose. It was edited by W. Grimm (GiJttingen, 1838), with a valuable introduction, and by Bartsch (Leipzig, 1S74). The adap- tation of the Kaiserchronik about 1150 is also attributed to him. Consult Golther, Das Ro- laiidsUed des Pfaffen Konrads (JIunich, 1887). KONRADIN (kSn'ra-dcn) OF SWA'BIA. The last of the Hohenstaufcn. See Coxeadix. KONRAD VON HOCHSTADEN, f6n hoc'- sta-den. A German ecclesiastic and statesman of the thirteenth centurv, under whom, as Arch- bishop of Cologne (1238-01), the cathedral of that city was begun ( 1248) . He sided with Rome against Frederick II., and attempted open oppo- sition, but in 1242 was beaten, woinded. and captured. But he escaped, and crowned William of Holland as Emperor (1248), and after his death caused the selection of Richard of Cornwall (1257) as leader of the forces opposed to the Hohenstaufcn party. His long quarrel with the city of Cologne came to an end in 1259, when he gained control of the town. His monument, prob- ably of the fifteenth century, is in the Saint .John's Chapel of the Cologne Cathedral. Consult Cardauns, Eonrad von Hochstaden (Cologne, 1880). KONRAD VON MARBURG, milr'boorK (?-1233). A German priest, confessor to the wife of Louis IV. of Thuringia. who was after- wards canonized and is known as Saint Elizabeth of Hungary. Pope Gregory IX. made him the arch-inquisitor for Germany, and his severe and indiscriminate treatment of heretics at last aroused the bishops and called forth the inter-en- tion of the Pope. He met his death by assassina- tion near JIarburg. Consult Kaltner, Konrad von Marhurq iind die Inquisition in Deiitschland (Prague. IS82). KONRAD VON MEGENBERG, m.^'gen- berK (1309-78). A German author, born near Schweinfurt, Bavaria. He was rector of a school in Vienna in 1337, then lived at Ratisbon from 1342 first as parish priest, later as canon, and is best known as the author of Dns liuch dcr atur (c.1349), the first German natural historj-, based upon the Liber de yatiiris Rcrum of Thomas de Cantimprf. It was newly edited by Pfeiffer (Stuttgart, 1861), and in a High German version by Schulz (Greifswald, 1897). He wrote Latin treatises on many topics. KONRAD VON WtJRZBTIRG, wyrts'boorK ( ?-1287 I . A iliddle High German epic poet, rep- resenting the latter stages of the decline of the Court epic. Himself a burgher, he repre- sents also the rise to prominence of that class, and reaches over, as it were, from the Min- nesingers to the Mastersingers. He lived on the Upper Rhine, alternately at Strassburg and Basel, and wrote voluminously. Konrad owes much to
