KXTND. 629 KUNNOJ. the year 1885 he came to the Mfini and marked its ui)j>er course. A few weeks afterwards he was severely wounded in a battle with the natives. Ill 1887 he was again sent to Africa to explore the southern part of the Kamerun country. On this trip he discovered the Xightingale Falls; but hostilities with the natives .soon broke out. Both Kund and Tappenbeck were severely wounded. Ill health forced the former to i-eturn to Ger- many in 1890. KUNDT, kount, ArcuST (18.38-94). A Ger- man physicist, born at Schwerin in Mecklenburg. He liccame privat-doeent at the University of Berlin in 18UG. Two years later he became pro- fessor cf physics at the Zurich Polytechnicum ; in 1870 he went to Wurzburg, in 187:2 to Strass- burg, and in 1888 to Berlin. Ivundt devoted him- self especially to researches on sound, and dis- covered the method of dust figures, which bears his name, for determining the velocity of. sound in gases. In addition to investigations in acous- tics Kundt also studied the phenomena of anoma- lous dispersion of light in an elaborate series ot experiments. He showed that in certain sub- stances the order of the colors in the spectrum is reversed, notably certain liquids, such as cyanine, mauve, aniline, and aniline blue. The peculiar phenomena of dispersion exhibited by the films of metals was also carefully investigated in an elaborate research occupying over two years. Other notable work was the study of the con- duction of heat and friction of gases, the elec- trical properties of crystals, the rotation of the plane of polarization in ga.ses, and the optical characteristics of metals. These and other re- searches will be found for the most part in Pog- gendorffs Annalcn, Wiedemnnns Amialen, the I'rnricdhtgs of Ihe Berlin Academy of Sciences, and the Fhilosophical Magazine. KUNENE, koTT-na'nc, or CTINENE. A river rising in the Ovimbundu iluuiitaiiis. Benguela, Portuguese West Africa (Map: Africa, F 6). After a southerly course during which it re- ceives several affluents, the chief of which is the Chitanda, it flows westward, marking the liound- arj' between German Southwest Africa and Portu- guese West Africa, and enters the Atlantic Ocean in latitude 17° 20' S., after a flow of 720 miles. In its upper course it has a large volume of water throughout the year, but in its lower course, which is through a desert region, it is so completely dried up during the dry .season that, after it had been first discovered in 1824. it could not be found again until lSi54. when it was visited dur- ing the wet season. This phenomenon is due mainly to the fact that the river throws olT sev- eral branches, which flow southeastward into Lake Etosa, a shallow lagoon or marsh situated in the desert of Damaraland, and which in the wet season discharges its overflow eastward to the Kubango, which latter in the rainy season ap- pears to connect with the Zambezi. The Kuneue was probably at an earlier epoch an affluent of the Zambezi system. The regions between Lake Ktosa and the Kubango and between the Ku- bango and the Zambezi have not been thoroughly explored. KimERSDOIlF, koo'ners-dOrf. A village in the I'riivince of Brandenburg. Prussia, four miles northeast of Frankfort -an-der-Oder. It is noted as the scene of one of the most remarkable bat- tles of the Seven Years' War, fought on August 12, 1759, in which Frederick the Great was com- pletely defeated by a combined attack of Rus- sians under Soltikolf and Austrians under Lau- don. The Prussians lost 18,500 men, with almost all their artillery and baggage, while their oppo- nents lost 10,000 men, KUNG TS'IN (or CH'IN) WANG, koong tsi-u Wang (1832-98), A Chinese prince and statesman ; sixth son of the Emperor Tao-kwang (1790-1820), and brother of the Emperor Hien- (or Hsien-) fuug, who fled from Peking at the approach of the French and British allies in 1800, and left Prince Kung to make the best terms with them he could. These were embodied in the treaty signed at Peking. Octolier 24, 1800, opening several new ports, and providing for diplomatic representatives at Peking. A new de- partment for foreign affairs was also provided for — the Tsung-li-Yamun— and, in 1801, Prince Kung was appointed its president. A few months later Hien-fuug died at .Jehol, and was succeeded by his son, a child of five. Prince Kung and the Empress and Empress Dowager became regents, and the Prince also was appointed to the presi- dency of the Imperial Clan Court. His position was one of great difficulty: practically every re- form he attempted was violently opposed by the Conservative Parly forming his council, all of whom were averse to Western intrusion and ideas, and he was defeated and reprimanded many times, but was always recalled to power after a short lapse of time. In 1884 his desire for conciliation in the troubles with France led to his dismissal from office. He gave up his heredi- tary first-class princedom and remained in re- tirement until 1894. when he was recalled to be president of the Tsung-li-Yamun. and ordered to assist Li Hung i hang in the Korean difliculty with Japan. He was also placed on the Grand Council at the special request of the Empress Dowager. KXJNGU (koon'goo) CAKE. A cake eaten by tile natives of the Lake Xyassa region in Africa, and made from the pressed bodies of a dipterous aquatic insect of the genus Cortethra, Compare .^huatle; Koo-chaji-bee. KUNGUR, koon-goor'. The chief town of a district in the Government of Perm, Russia, on the rivers Sylva and Iren, 58 miles southeast of the city of Perm (Map: Russia, .13), Tanning, and the manufacture of leather goods, shoes, gloves, mittens, and a kind of leather overcoats are its principal industries. A considerable trade in these articles, as well as in fla.x and tallow is carried on. Population, in 1897, 14,324, Kungur was founded in 1047. KUNIGUNDE. koo'n^-goon'de. Saint ( ?- 103.'>l. Wife of the Emperor Henry II, (q,v.), and daughter of Count Siegfried of Luxemburg. According to a late and unfouniled legend, her reputation having been unjustly assailed, she vindicated herself by walking barefooted over hot plowshares. After the death of her husband in 1024, she retired to the Convent of Kaufungen, near Cassel, which she had founded. She spent the remainder of her days in pious works, and was canonized in 1200. Her day is JIarch 3d. KITN-LTJN, koTTu'Ioon', A mountain system of Central Asia. See KrRV-T.t. KUNNOJ', or KTJNNOUJ'. See Kanauj.
