LAND TRANSFER. 746 LANE. greatest possible accuracy, and when the con- veyance is properly indexed in tlie books in the register's ollicc. by section and l)lock. it is easily found. By the introduction of the above reforms, the conveyance of lands is niucli more simple and titles more secure than formerly. See Convey- ance. LANDWEHR, liint'vfir (Ger., land-defense). A military term originating in Prussia, and since applied to a branch of the national reserve forces of Austria-Hungary. tJcrmany. .lapan, and Switzerland. The Prussian Landwehr was first proposed- in 1800 by Major Kneselieck, of the Prussian Army; but it was not until the com- mencement of the campaign of ISl.'i that the Prussian system of national defense, for which it was originally solely devised, came into actual being. It was then organized on Scharnhorst's plan, by a royal edict, dated JIarch 17. ISl."?. By the Constitution of April, 1871. the Prussian regulations were extended to the (leriiian Em- pire. In Austria -Hungary, the Lundinhr of Aus- tria and llonvvdsi-fi of Hungary were organized in 1889, citizens who have been transferred from the common army serving two years, and others twelve years. After quitting the reserve of the regular army, the German conscript serves twelve years in the Landwehr, five years in the first class or 'ban,' and seven years in the second ban. In .Japan those who have served their period in the active army perform five years' land- wehr service. All ablc-bixlied citizens of the Swiss Republic are compelled lo serve in the na- tional Landwehr fnmi the thirty-third to the completed forty-fourth year of their age. Like the German Landwehr, it is divided into two 6an-s, the first consisting of men from thirty- three to forty years of age. and the second ban of men from forty to forty-four. The general evolution of the Landwehr has been from a force organized entirely for home de- fense to an important part of the trained defen- sive or offensive forces of the nation. See Armies. LANE^ Alfred Church ( 1863— ) . An Ameri- can geologist, born in Boston, and educated at Harvard, where, after a course at Heidelberg, he taught mathematics. He was appointed pro- fessor of petrography in the Michigan College of Mines, and as assistant State geologist of ilichi- gan wrote several parts of the Reports of the Oeoloffiral fiurveji of ilwhiftnn, and many con- tributions to popular and technical periodicals. LANE, Edw.rd William (1801-76). An English Orientalist. He was born in Hereford, and was the son of Prebendary Theophilus Lane. After education at Bath and Hereford, he aban- doned an intention to enter holy orders: also abandoned, owing to ill health, the engraver's profession, which he had learned: and. with a strong predilection for Oriental studies, went to Egv'pt in 1825. He soon learned Arabic, and, adopting the native garb and habits, commenced his travels, observations, and sketches, which, with the exception of an interval in England, extended from 1824 to 1S.S5. and resulted in the publication of Mnmiers and Ciistomx of the Mod- ern Efii/ptinnx (2 vols.. 18.36). still a standard authority. This was followed by a new transla- tion of the Thovannd and 0«f Nifjht.i. or Arnhian yifjhts' Entertainment (3 vols.. 1838-40). From 1842 to 1849 he was in Egypt, collecting mate- rials for an Arabic-Eiujlish Lexicon and Thesau- rus, andMfter his return to England the rest of his life was devoted to the preparation of this gigantic work for publication. In 18G3 he re- ceived a civil-list pension. Seven volumes of his Lexicon (1863-74) appeared during his lifetime; the posthumous publication was com- pleted by his grandnephew. 8. Lane-1'oole, with the issue of three further volumes (1877-92), the funds being provided Viy Lane's early friend, the Duke of Xorthumberland. Consult Poole, Life of Edward William Lane (London, 1877). LANE, George Martin (1823-97). An American Latinist and educator. Ixirn at Charles- town, ilass. He studied under Beck at Harvard ; graduated there in 1846; and, after a year as tutor in Latin at Harvard, went to Germany and studied at Berlin, Bonn, and Heidelberg, and at Giittingen, where in ISol be took his doctor's de- gree with a thesis, timyrnworiim Res Gestce et Antiquitates, which is still authoritative. In the same year he returned to Cambridge and received a chair of Latin. He was appointed Pope pro- fessor in 1869, and resigned in 1894, though as professor emeritus he still gave instruction in post-graduate cour.ses. He was a brilliant and original teacher; the author of Latin Pronuncia- tion (1871), which turned the tide against the 'English method' in the United States, and of a Latin Grammar (completed by Morgan. 1898). which is remarkable for its felicitous style; and a valuable contributor to Harper's Latin lexicons. The well-known ballad of the Lone Fishball" was also from Lane's pen. LANE, Henry Smith (1811-81). An Ameri- can political leader, born in Montgomery County, Ky., where he received an academic education. He studied law, was admitted to the bar. and in 1832 removed to Indiana, where he practiced, and became identified prominently with Whig politics. In 1837 he was elected to the Indiana State Senate, and in the following year he was elected to Congress, serving two terms (1838-42). He served in the Mexican War as lieutenant- colonel of a regiment of Indiana volunteers. With the break-up of the Whig Party in Indiana, lie an<l some of his former party associates en- tered into an organization that became the nu- cleus of the Republican Party in the State. Lane took a prominent part in the movement that led to the calling of the first national con- vention of the party in 18.56 at Philadelphia, of which he was chosen permanent chairman. In 1859 he wa.? elected by a coalition of Repub- licans and 'American' members of the Legisla- ture to the L'nited States Senate, in opposition to .lesse D. Bright, who was chosen by the Demo- crats and seated after a contest. In 1860 he was elected Governor of Indiana, and in the same year was elected United States Senator, in which capacity he .served until 1867. In 1866 he was a member of the Loyalists' convention. • LANE, .lAMES Henry (1814-66). An Ameri- can soldier and politician. He was born at Law- renceburg. Ind.. studied law, and in 1840 was admitted to the bar. In May. 1846. he volun- teered for service in the Mexican War. He was chosen colonel of an Indiana regiment, and com- manded a brigade at the battle of Buenn Vista. Immediately after the close of the war he was elected Lieutenant-Governor of Indiana, and from 1853 to 1855 he was a Democratic member of
