LANGENBECK. 753 professor at Gottingeu. He wrule Klinische Bet- trdye (184!J) and Die Insolation des inensch- lichen AiKjis (185'J). LANGENBIELAU, lOn^en-be'lou. A group of contiguous industrial villages in the Province of Silesia, Prussia, 35 miles southwest of Breslau (Map: Germany, G 3). There are extensive cot- ton and linen weaving, bleaching, and dyeing establishments and brickyards. Population, in 1890, 15,860; in 1900, 19,127. LANGENDIJK, lang'endik, Pietee (1683- 1756). A Dutrli poet and plaj-^vright, bom at Haarlem. He lived at The Hague, at Amsterdam and at Haarlem after 1722, and was by profession a designer in a damask factory. He wrote sev- eral dramas, and some of his farces still have a place on the Dutch stage. It was a time when ever^i'thing French was admired and imitated, and Langendijk felt this influence strongly. His works include the following comedies: Die Zuet- ser( 1712) ; Arlequyn Actiotiist (~iH)) ; Xantippe of het booze wijf des filosoofs Socrates beteugeld : and Spiegel der vaderlandsche hooplieden. He also wrote poems, published in his collected works, Crdichien (1760). An edition of his plays appeared in 1851. LANGENSALZA, lang'en-zal'tsa. A town in the Prussian Province of Saxony, situated on the Salza, 25 miles by rail from Erfurt (Map: Prus- sia, D 3). U has an old castle, now used as an administration building, and an eighteenth-cen- tury Rathaus. The chief manufactures are cot- ton goods, cloth, machinery, tobacco, tinware, and bricks. In the vicinity are saline springs. Lang- ensalza has been the scene of numerous battles, of which the best known is that of .June 27, 1866, in which the Hanoverians defeated the Prussians, but were compelled to capitulate two davs later. Population, in 1890, 11,501: in 1900, 11,928. LANGENSCHEIDT^ liing'en-shit. Gustav (1832-95). A German linguist and publisher, born in Berlin. He traveled extensively, and about 1856 brought out. with the French teacher of languages Charles Toussaint. Frnnzosische Unterrichtsbriefe ziim Sclbststtidiiim. a system of self- instruction in French, which met with a great success and was continued yearly (62d ed. 1902). Using the same method, which is founded on that of Hamilton-Jacotot. he published a book for self-instruction in English, In this he was assisted by Karl van Dalen and Henry Lloyd. The "Toussaint-Langenscheidt method' was ap- plied l)y others to difTerent languages, and, in ac- cord with it. Langenscheidt published the Saclis- Villatte Fninzosisch-drutschcs M'iirtcrhurh (1868- 94) and the Muret-Sanders Englisch-deutsches Worterbuch (1891-1901). LANGERON, liiNzh'rox', ANnR.rLT, Count de ( I7631S31 ) . A Russian general, born in Paris. He went with Rochambeau to America, and in 1789 entered the Russian ser-ice. taking part in the campaigns against Sweden and the Turks. At Austerlitz he was a general of division. From 1807 to 1810 he was engaged against the Turks, doing good work at Silistria in the latter year. He fought against Xapoleon I. during the inva- sion of Russia, participated in the battle of the Katzhach (q.v. ), and distinguished himself in the battle of Leipzig (1813). Tn 1814 he stormed the heishts of Montmartre. and entered Paris with the Allies. In 1822 he was appointed Govemor- LANGHORNE. General of New Russia. His last mililarv service was in the Turkish war of 1828-29. He died in Saint Petersburg. LANGEVIN, laxzhva.N-', Sir Hectob Louis (1826—). A French-Canadian politician, bom in Quebec. He studied at the Quebec .Seminary until 1846, when he entered a law ollice in Mon- treal, and in 1850 was called to the bar. He became editor of the Melanges lieligieux in 1847, and in 1857 of the Coiinier du Canada. In tho latter year lie was elected Mayor of Quebec and also member of the Legislative Assembly, in which capacity he supported the Administration. In 1864 he became a Queen's Counsel and So- licitor-General in the Tach4-Maedonald Admin- istration. Two jears later he was appointed Postmaster-General. He was active in further- ing the cause of confederation, was a delegate to the Charlottetown conference, and to the Quebec conference in 1864; was one of the commission- ers sent to London to complete the organization of the Dominion of Canada, in 1860; and, after his return, became Secretary of State in the first Administration imder the new Go%-ernment. He was elected to the Parliament in 1878, and was appointed Postmaster-General, but the next year resigned this office to become Minister of Public Works. He was for a number of years leader of the French Canadian Conservative Party in Do- minion politics. LANGEVIN, Jean Fba.vcois Piebbe La. Force (1821-92). A French-Canadian Roman Catholic bishop, born in Quebec. He was ed- ucated at the .Seminary there, became a priest in 1844, and Bishop of Rimouski (1807). He re- turned to his alma mater in 1840 to teach higher mathematics, and remained there nine years, during part of which he was at the head of the Xormal School in connection with Laval Uni- versity (1858-69). He WTote: Traite de calcul differentiel (1848) : fjistoire du Canada en tab- leaux (1860) ; and Cours de pedagogic (1865). I/ANGHAM. lang'om, SiMO.v de (1310-76). An English archbishop and chancellor. He was a monk in Westminster l>efore 1346. and became prior and abbot. In 1360 he was Lord High Treas- urer of England : a year later was Bishop of Ely; was Lord Chancellor in 1363; and in 1.360 was Archbishop of Canterbury. He drew up the new prcemunire in 1365; and dismissed Wiclif from the wardenship of Canterbury Hall. Oxford : but, having been made a cardinal by Pope Urban v.. he angered the King by accepting the pro- motion without his leave and was driven from his archbishopric, and retired to .vignon. Here he occupied a C(mfulential position with Pope Gregory XT. imtil his death. He made large gifts to Westminster Abl)ey during his life and by will, and has been called its second founder. LANGHANS. lang'hans. Karl Gotth.^rd (1733-1S0S>. A German architect, born at Lan- deshut (Silesia). The success of his earlier works at Breslau caused him to be called to Berlin by King Frederick William II.. in 1780. and he subse(|uently became director of royal buildings. His structures include the palace of Hatzfeld (Breslau). the Brandenburg Gate (Ber- linK an imitation of the Propyls' at Athens (1780-93). and the marble palace at Potsdam. LANGTHORNE, .Tohn (1735-701. An English poet, born at Kirby-Stephen. Westmoreland. He studied at Winton and .ppleby, and then devoted
