LANGUR. 759 LANIER. species exist in large numbers, and are so bold and familiar about the villages that were thcj' not harmless they might be a serious menace to the jjcople. These are often called 'wanderoos' (q.v.) indiscriminately, and are all held more or less "sacred' by the Hindus. Other Lancurs. The foregoing species form a group agreeing in the fact that the hair upon the forehead radiates forward from a central point. The negro monkey or 'budeng' (Semnopithecus Maurus) is a well-known tj'pe of a group char- acterized by the fact that the projecting hairs of the forehead radiate from two points. When adult, this monkey, which is common in Java, Sumatra, and the Malay Peninsula, is fully black, but its young are of a light sandy hue. A closely related species is rust-red all its life. The Malay name for all this kind of monkeys is "lutong," of which various other species are known, including a 'crested' one of curiously vari- able coloring. Another large group of langurs is characterized by the fact that the hair of the crown is directed backward with no sign of part- ing, instead of radiating from one or more points on the forehead. .V cimmion example is the Nilgiri langur {Ifiemnopitlwcus Johni) of the forested hills of Southern India, which is be- coming rare because constantly hunted by the natives for the sale of its beautiful skin, and also for food. The purple-faced monkey of Ceylon is an allied species — a small, active, intelligent creature, a great favorite in captivity for its gentleness and cleanly ways. Several other spe- cies of India, .ssam, and the Malay Peninsula are called 'leaf-monkeys' by the English colo- nists; and along the coast of Cochin-China is to be found the brightly colored out-of-the-way 'done' [Semnopilheciis nfmwus), which is very little known. (?onsult: Jerdon, Mammitls of India (London, 1874) : Blanford, Fauna of ISrilish India: Mam- mals (London, 1888-fll); Tennent, Ceylon (Lon- don, 18.59) : Forbes, Monkeys, in Allen'.s "Nat- uralists' Series" ( London, 1894) ; Lydekker, Royal yatural History, vol. i. (T.ondnn, 1805). LANGWERTH VON SIMMERN, liing'vert fftn zim'mern. Heixrich, Baron (1833 — ), A German politician and author, horn in Hanover, From 1858 to 1861 in the Government service of , his native country, he was very active, after the annexation of Hanover, in ISfifi, in the interest of the (ierman-Ilanovcrian faction, and endeavored to accentuate its G<'rman patriotism, first by his contributions to the public press, and from 1880 to 1890 as a member of the Reichstag. A partial list of his publications includes: Fiir Oesterreich (1866): Ton ISOfi bis lH(;i>. Zur Vorffeschichle des neucn Deutsehen Reiehs (187"2) ; Die deiifsch- hannSversche Portri und die hraunschireirri.sche Frage (1885): .ins meinem Leben (1898): and Enqkind in Siidafrika (1902). LANIARD (formerly lannier. lanier. from OF. hiniere. Fr. hinicre, thong, cord for a lanner, from OF,, Fr, lanier, sort of hawk, from Lat. laniarius. relating to a butcher, from laniti^ butcher, from laniare. to rend: influenced in popular etymology by Eng. yard). A small rope used for joining two objects, especially the join- ing of a large ro|)e to some permanent fixture: as the laniards of the rigging, which are ropes reeving through dead eyes to form a purchase or tackle which keeps the hea-T shrouds and stays taut, and yet furnishes sufficient elasticity to prevent straining them. LANIER, la-ner', or LANIERE, Nicholas (1588-c,1605j, An English musician, descended from a French family whose members had for several generations been musicians of the royal household in England, By 1604 Nicholas was a member of the Court musicians, and his for- tune was thereafter identified with that of Charles I. and James I. Under both monarcha he held the post of "master of the King's music' He wrote the music for a number of masques (notably Lovers Made Men, by Ben .Jon.son), and in them introduced the 'stylo recitative' for the first time in England, In addition to being a composer, Lanier was a singer and a flutist of ability, and took an active part in the ma-sques for which he had composed the music. As a painter and a collector of works of art he was well known, and in 1625 Charles I. sent him to Italy to collect pictures and statues, some of which (e.g, Mantegna's "Triumph of CiEsar") are now at Hamilton Court, Portraits of Lanier were painted bj' Van Dyck, Jan Livens, Isaac Oliver, and by himself. His nnisic can be found in: Select Musicale Ayres and Dialogues (1653) ; Th^ Musical Companion (1667): The Treasury of Music (1669); etc, Lanier died in London. LANIER, Sidney (1842-81), An American musician and poet, born at Macon, Ga. February 3, 1842, He died at Lynn, N, C, September 7, 1881, He was of Huguenot stock, and inherited great musical ability. His education was obtained at Oglethorpe College, Georgia, where he gradu- ated and served as tutor for one year before he entered the Confederate Army, His main experi- ences during the war were connected with block- ade-running; but he was much exposed to physical hardships, and sutfered imprisonment for severaV months, with the result that he developed con- sumption. Immediately after the war he went to Alabama, where he was a clerk in a shop and a teacher; but his bad health forced him to re- turn to Macon, where he studied and practiced law with his father until 1873. Then his two dominant passions, poetry and music, overmas- tered him, and he decided to give his life to them. He had previously publiijhed (1867) a rather crude romance entitled Tiger Lilies, but its want of success had not discouraged him. He went to Baltimore, and obtained a position as first flute in the Peabody Symphony Orchestra, and he also saw something of musical life in New York, his ability, especially for the flute, being everywhere recognized. His literary ability was encouraged by friends like Bayard Taylor, and in 1876 he was invited to write a poem for the Centennial Exposition. A year later a volimie of his poems appeared. In 1879 he was made lecturer on Eng- lish literature at the .Tohns Hopkins University, where he <lelivered courses afterwards published as The Science of English Verse (1881) and The Hngli.ih Aorrf (1883), the latter volume being unfinished. Throughout these years his strength liad been steadily waning, and he had frequent- ly been obliged to seek health in Florida and other favorable regions. It was on such a visit to North Carolina that he finally succumbed. Considering the short lime he was actually de- voted to literature and the unfavorable conditions under which he worked, his achievement was as remarkable as that of anv other .American of his
