LANIER. 760 LANKESTEB. generation. Besides the books already named, he adapted Froissart, Percy, and the Mabiitugion to youthful readers, wrote a guide-book to Flori- da, and did other miscellaneous work which has recently been gathered and put in ])ernianent form. It is difficult to say whether Lanier's genius was greater for music than for poetry. In liis poems and in his writings about poetry the rlcnient of music is everywhere, and in The Sci- ence of English Terse rather tends to make less useful and perliaps less trustwortliy a remarkably subtle and stimulating book, which is nevertheless of distinctly greater value than the lectures on the English novel. In his other prose works, espe- cially in the Letters, Lanier makes the appeal to chosen readers that we always expect from the prose of a genuine poet. And this Lanier was, whether or not we believe that he not infrequent- ly strained after efl'ects in a manner that injured the strictly poetical quality of his work. No American since Poe has been so fully dominated by the idea of beauty in art. Lanier added an ethical element foreign to Poe, and it is a ques- tion whether here again there is not a lack of that fusion of powers and qualities that is essen- tial to the production of perfect poetry. Be this as it may, it is quite certain that Lanier is gain- ing steadily in fame, and that he bids fair to be recognized as the most important poet pro- duced in .Vmerica in the last quarter of the nine- teenth century. Among his best-known poems may be mentioned: "Corn:" "The Song of the Chattahoochee;" "The Marshes of Glynn;" and the cantata sung at the Centennial. His interest- ing letters have also been published, as well as his complete poems, edited by his widow, Mary Day Lanier, with a memoir bv William Haves Ward (New York, 1881, 1884)." His Shah-espe'are and His Forerunners was published in New York (in02). LANJUINAIS, liiN'zhwe'na', Jean Dents, Count de (1753-1827). A French statesman and publicist, born at Rennes. He made an early success at the bar of Rennes, and in 17 ".'5 became professor of ecclesiastical law in the university there. In 1789 he was chosen Deputy to the Ptates-General. He distinguished himself as one of the most advanced members of the party that desired a constitutional monarchy in France, and was one of the founders of the Breton Club which later developed into the Feuillants and .Jacobins. In .lime. 1700, Lanjuinais demanded the abolition of all titles, ami in May, 1791, the admission of negroes (o all the rights of citizenship. He -was returned a member of the Legislative Assembly which succeeded the Constituent Assembly in 1791 ; but the radical reform movement, of which he had been a leader, was now getting beyond his control, and this gave the color of reaction to his r5le in the new Assembly. In the Convention he acted with the Girondists, and protested with vehemence against the act of accusation of the King, against the right of the Assembly to judge him, and against the forms employed, yet at the last voted with those who found the King guilty imder the accusation ; but he voted for banish- ment as the last means to save the King's life. He was eventually proscribed and his arrest ordered, but he escaped and concealed himself at Rennes until the fall of Robespierre. In 179.5 he was chosen a member of the Council of An- cients, and in 1800 he became a member of the Senate, where he opposed Bonaparte's monarchial schemes. In 1808 he was created a count, how- ever, and a member of the historical section of the Institute. lie favored the deposition of Na- poleon, and was created a peer at the first Res- toration. During the Hundred Days he became president of the Chaml)er of Deputies, but on the .second Restoration resumed his seal in the Cham- ber of Peers. He was a member uf the tribunal which tried Marshal Ney, and one of the seven- teen who voted for e.xile. He died in Paris, Janu- ary 13, 1827. His political, legal, and historical works were collected and published in four vol- umes (Paris, 1832), with a life by his son. These include: Constilutions de la nation fransaise (1815) and De I'oi-ganisation miinicipale en France (1821). — His second son, 'ictor Am- brose. Vicomte de L.N.TuiNAis. was born in Paris in 1S02, studied law, and in 1837-48 was a mem- ber of the Cliamber of Deputies. In 1848 he was elected to the Constituent Assembly, and sub- sequently to the Legislative body. He was Min- ister of Commerce and Agriculture from June to October, 1849. resigning, however, to become a member of the Opposition. He was imprisoned at the time of the coup d'etat of December. 1851. In 18G3 he entered the Corps U'gislatif. He died .Tanuary 2, 18(jn. He was the author of several works on political economy. LANKESTEB, lan'kes-ter, Edwin (1814-74). An English scientist, born at Melton in Suffolk. He was enabled by the generosity of friends to take a short medical course at the University of London, and later went to Heidelberg where he secured the degree of M.D. On his return to England in 1840 he settled in London, and for a number of years devoted most of his time to literary work and lectures on scientific subjects, Ids writings including the article on Rotifera for the Ci/elopwdia of Anatonii) and Phi/siolofly. In 1850 he became professor of natural history in New College, London, and in 1853 lectured on anatomy and physiology* at the Grosvenor Place School of Medicine. He took a keen interest in the question of public health and strove to arouse jteneral interest in the causes of disease. Many of his works treated of scientific subjects in a ))opular manner, and he began the distribution of jiamphlets dealing with the .subject of sanitation which later was carried on by the National Health Society. From 1853 to 1871 he was an editor of the Quarterli/ Journal of Microscopical Science, and among his publications are: Lives of XaturalixtS' (1842) ; Memorials of John Ray (1845): and Half-IJours with the Microscope (1859). LANKESTEB, Edwin Rat (1847—). An English zocilogist. bom in London. He was edu- cated at Saint Paul's School, Downing College, Cambridge, and Christ Church, Oxford. He lie- came fellow and lecturer in Exeter College in 1872, and was professor of zoology and compara- tive anatomy in University College, London, from 1874 to IS90. In 1882 he became regius professor of natural history in Edinburgh, and he was Linacre professor of comparative anatouiv in Oxford from 1891 to 1898. In 1884 he foiinded and in 1892 he became president of the INIarine Biological Laboratory at Plymouth, and in 1898 he was made director of the department of nat- ural history of the British JIuseum. He is also Fullerian professor of physiolorrc and compara- tive anatomy in the Royal Institution of London. His books include: A Monograph of the Cephalas-
