LANKESTEB. 761 LANNES. pidiati Fishes {187(1) : Coiuparalive Longevity (1871) ; Developmental History of the ilollusca (1875); Degeneration (1880); Limulus, an Arachnid (1881) ; Spolia Maris (1889) ; The Ad- laiHxment of Science (collooled essays, 1889) ; Zoological Articles (1801) ; and (in collaboration with others) several volunics of .1 Treatise on Zoology (1900-011. He translated into Kn-rl'sli several of Haeckel's works, and was joint editor of Huxley's Scientific Memoirs. LAN'MAN, Charles (1819-95). An Ameri- can journalist, autlior, and artist. He was born at Monroe. Jlich., but was educated at an acad- emy, while living with liis "grandfather. Judge James Lanman, at Norwich, Conn. From 1835 to 1845 he was a clerk in New York. In the lat- ter year he returned to Michigan and edited the Monroe Gazette. Afteiwards he was connected with papers in Cincinnati and Xew York, and finally joined the staff of the Xntional hitelli- gt ncer in 'ashington. D. C. At various times he was librarian of the War Department, librarian of copyrights, private secretaiy to Daniel Web- ster when the latter was Secretary of State, examiner of depositories for the Southern States, and librarian successively of the Interior Depart- ment and of the House of Representatives. From 1S71 to 1882 he was secretary of the Japanese Legation, and while serving in this capacity pub- lished .Japanese in America (1872) and Leading Men of -Japan, besides painting many landscapes. He made many sketching trips and early called attention to the beauty of the Saguenay River in a Tour to the River Saguenay (1848), and to western North Carolina in Letters from the Alle- ghany Mountains (1849). He was a prolific writer, publishing thirty-two volumes. Some of them are: Private Life of Daniel Websteri 1852) ; Dictionary of Congress (1858) ; Biographical An- nals of the Civil Government of the United States (187G) ; and Haphazard Personalities (1886). LANMAN, Charles Rockwell (18i30— ). .
American Sanskrit scholar. He was born at
Norwich, Conn., in 18.50: graduated at Yale Col- lege in 1871 : remained there studying Sanskrit and linguistic science until 187.'?; continued his Oriental studies at Berlin. Tiibingen. and Leipzig; accepted a fellowship at .Tohns Hopkins Univer- sity in 1876. and in 1880 was called to Harvard I'niversity as professor of Sanskrit. He pub- lished in 1880 an important work entitled .Yo»h- In flection in the Veda, and in 1888 a Sanskrit I'radrr n-ith Voeahuhiry and Notes. He was sec- ri'tary of the American Philological Association (1879-84), and edited volumes x. to xiv. of its Tran.iactions : became its president in 1890. and was corresponding secrctarv of the American Oriental Societv (1884-94. 1896). He projected the ■•Harvard Oriental Series" ( 1891 ) , one of the vidumes of which contains a translation by liim of an early Hindu drama, Raja-(^el:hara's Kar- in'irnmaiijari (1901). In 1902 Yale University bestowed upon him the degree of doctor of laws. lyANMAN, Joseph (1811-74). An American naval otliccr. born in Norwich. Conn. Tn 1825 he entered the navy, passed the midshipman graile in 18.31, and was commissioned lieutenant in 18.'?5. commander in 1855, and captain in 1801. In 1862 he was raised to the rank of cnmniodore. and was assigned to the North .At- lantic squadron in' the following year. During the two attacks on Fort Fisher he commanded the second division of the flotilla, leading the advance with the flagship .Minnesota, and won high commendation from Admiral Porter. In 1867 he was made rear-admiral, and was put in charge of the Port.smouth Navy Yard. From 18(59 to 1871 he commanded the South Atlantic Squadron, and was retired in 1872. LANNER (OF. lanier, larmier, laner, lenier. Ft. lanier, sort of hawk), A small falcon of Southern Europe and Asia, It is 'noble,' was for- merly used for falconry, and was the sacred fal- con of ancient Egypt. A verj' closely related form is the prairie falcon (Faleo Mexicanus) of the Western United States, which is abundant on the plains. LANNEB., lan'ner, .Joseph (1801-43). An Austrian composer of dance music, the creator of the modern Vienna waltz. He was born at Vien- na, showed early a great talent for music, and became proficient in playing the violin and in composition without any instruction. He or- ganized a quartet, in which the elder Strauss played the viola, and for which Lanner arranged potpourris from favorite operas, and composed marches and other light music. Their perform- ances in the public gardens of Vienna became very popular, and gradually their organization assumed the proportions of a large orchestra, which was in great demand at all important places of amusement, and finally at the Court balls, where Lanner conducted the dance music alternately with Strauss. He gave the waltz its present extended form, developing it from the old-fashioned liindlcr. the genuine Vienna na- tional dance, and may virtually be considered the founder of all modern dance music. His published compositions in that line, and his marches number 208 works, LANNES, Ian, Jeax, Duke of Montebello ( 1769-1809), A marshal of the first French Em- pire, born at Lectoure in the Department of (3ers. He entered the army in 1792 and by 1795 com- manded a brigade with the rank of colonel. The reorganization which then took place led to his discharge, but he followed Napoleon to Italy as a volunteer, and by his bravery and audacity at Millesimo, Mantua, and Arcole, won notice, and was made in 1707 brigadier-general. He took part in the Egv-ptian expedition and became gen- eral of division. On returning to France he ren- dered Napoleon important service in the execu- tion of the coup d'etat of the 18th Brumaire. Tn the second Italian campaign he won an impor- tant victory at Montebello ( 1800) , from which he derived his title of Duke. He bore a principal share in the battle of Marengo, and was made French plenipotentiary to Portugal (1801), In 1804 he was created a marshal of the Empire, and he distinguished himself at Austerlitz, at •Tcna. where he commanded the centre, at Eylau and Friedland. Being sent to Spain, he defeated Castafios at Tudela, November 23. 1808. and then besieged Saragossa. In 1809 he again fought against the Austrians, and commanded the centre at Aspern (May 22d), where he had both legs carried away by a cannon-shot. He was removed to Vienna and died there May 31. 1800. He was interred in the Panthi'-on. in Paris, but later his body was removed to the cemetery P^re-Lachaise. Consult: Perin. lip mililaire de ./. IjOnnes I Paris, 1810); Thoumas, Le mariehal Lannes lib,, 1891),
