(1876), Hetty's Strange History (1877)—both in the “No Name Series;” a plea for better treatment of the Indians, A Century of Dishonor (1881); and the romance on the same theme entitled Ramona (1884). Mrs. Jackson also wrote some books for children, and several posthumous volumes were brought out shortly after her death, among them Sonnets and Lyrics (1886). The “Saxe Holm Series” are said to be hers; but it is becoming plain that her chief reputation is to rest upon her poems, some of which, e.g. Habeas Corpus, have a lyric power hardly surpassed by that of any American poet. For an appreciation of her genius, consult Higginson, Contemporaries (Boston, 1899).
JACKSON, Henry Rootes (1820-98). An American diplomat and soldier, born in Athens, Ga. He graduated at Yale in 1839, and in the following year was admitted to the bar in Georgia, where he was for several years United States district attorney. During the Mexican War he commanded the First Regiment of Georgia Volunteers. In 1850 he became judge of the Superior Court, an office which he held until 1853, when he was sent to Vienna as the United States chargé d'affaires, and from 1854 to 1858 was Minister Resident. After his return to Georgia he aided the United States district attorney in prosecuting the owners of the slave-ship Wanderer. Jackson was one of the Democratic delegates who seceded from the Charleston Convention in 1860. When his State seceded, he became a colonel on Governor Brown's staff, and was active in securing the United States arsenal at Augusta with its stores of arms and ammunition. He was then appointed major-general by the Governor, and was placed in command of all the State troops, but soon resigned this commission to accept one as brigadier-general in the Confederate service, and went to western Virginia, where he succeeded General Garnett upon the latter's death. Recalled by Governor Brown to aid in the defense of Georgia's seacoast, and unable to obtain leave of absence from the Richmond authorities, he resigned his Confederate commission, and was reappointed by the Governor major-general and commander of all the State troops. This office be held until the Georgia State troops were turned over to the Confederacy in 1862, when he was left without a commission. He was not again received into the Confederate service until near the close of the war, when he was made a brigadier-general in Hood's army, and after taking part in the battle of Franklin, was captured with his whole brigade at Nashville. He was appointed United States Minister to Mexico in 1885, but soon resigned. He published Tallulah and Other Poems (1850).
JACKSON, Howell Edmunds (1832-95). An American jurist, born at Paris, Tenn. He graduated at the University of Virginia in 1854, and at the law department of Cumberland University in 1856, and then began the practice of law in Jackson and Memphis. He was strongly opposed to secession, but went with his State, and after the establishment of the Confederacy was appointed receiver for West Tennessee property confiscated by the new Government. This office left him abundant leisure, which he devoted to the study of law, and at the close of the war he became a member of the Tennessee Court of Referees, a provisional Supreme Court created to hear the cases which had accumulated during the Civil War. In 1880 he was elected to the Tennessee Legislature, and the next year to the United States Senate. Before the expiration of his term he was appointed by the President a judge of the United States Circuit Court, and in 1893 President Harrison appointed him an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court. When stricken with fatal illness he forced himself to attend the second hearing of the income-tax law, and his vote would have caused it to become effective had not Justice Shiras (q.v.) reversed his previous decision.
JACKSON, James (1757-1806). An American soldier and political leader, born in Devonshire, England. He went to Georgia in 1772 and began the study of law. He joined the “Liberty Boys;” took part in the defense of Savannah in 1776; was made brigade-major of the Georgia militia in 1778, and again engaged in the defense of Savannah. After its surrender he went to South Carolina, served with Sumter, Pickens, and Morgan, and was publicly thanked by the last named after the battle of Cowpens. He participated in the siege of Augusta, and was left in command after the capture in 1781. Later he organized a partisan legion, which he commanded. When Savannah was recaptured the Legislature voted him the forfeited house of a Tory. In 1788 he was elected Governor, but declined on account of youth and inexperience. He sat in the First Federal Congress and was elected United States Senator in 1793. This office he resigned in 1795, and was elected to the State Senate in order to force the revocation of the Yazoo land grants. He was an influential member of the Constitutional Convention of 1798, and was elected Governor the same year. In 1801 he returned to the United States Senate, and sat until his death. He was a follower of Jefferson in politics.
JACKSON, James (1777-1867). An American physician, brother of Charles Jackson, the jurist. He was born in Newburyport, Mass.; graduated at Harvard in 1796, and studied medicine with Dr. Holyoke of Salem, and in London. In 1800 he began practice in Boston. He was the first physician of the General Hospital in Boston, which, with Dr. Warren, he had established. In 1810 he was chosen professor of clinical medicine in Harvard, and in 1812 professor of theory and practice there. In 1836 he was made professor emeritus. He was several times elected president of the Massachusetts Medical Society. His principal publications are: On the Brunonian System (1809); Remarks on the Medical Effects of Dentition (1812); and Letters to a Young Physician (1885).
JACKSON, James Streshley (1823-62). An American soldier, born in Fayette County, Ky. He was educated at Jefferson College, and in Transylvania University, where he studied law. He practiced in Kentucky before and after the Mexican War, in which be fought as a lieutenant of volunteers enlisted by himself. He was sent to Congress in 1860. He served in the Federal Army during the Civil War as colonel of the Third Kentucky Cavalry, which he had organized. He fell on October 8, 1862, at the battle of Perryville, where he was one of the division
