McLEOD. 638 MACLXTREA. public services ■nith the great Xorthwest. His exposure of the abuses of the Hudson's Bay Com- pany hastened the surrender of its charter and the incorporation of its territories with the Do- minion of Canada (1870). He also published The Peace Itivcr (1872), made up from his father's journal and his own observations in the Northwest; J'rohlems of Canada (1880); and numerous valuable papers on the geogi-aphj- and histor3' of Canada. He died at Ottawa in Sep- tember, 1898. MacLEOD, Xorman (1812-72). A Scottish divine and author, born June 3, 1812, at Camp- belltown, Argyllshire, where his father was min- ister. He was educated at the University of Glasgow, and studied divinity at Edinburgh under Chalmers. He became licentiate in the Church of Scotland in 18.'57, and the next year was ordained minister of Loudoun in Ayrshire. In the controversy which soon divided the Church he adopted a middle course between the 'evan- gelicals' and the 'moderates,' producing several able pamphlets. On the disruption he remained in the Church, and became parish minister at Dalkeith (1843). He was one of the founders of the Evangelical Alliance (1847). In 18.52 he accepted the Barony parish in Glasgow, where he established the first congregational penny sav- ings bank and opened refresliment rooms for working men and a mission chvirch for the poor. In 1857 he was appointed chaplain to the Queen. In the midst of these and other philanthropic schemes he found time for numerous sketches ami essays, in which he reached a wide public. He edited the Christian Magazine from 18.50 to 1860. and w'as the first editor of Good Words ( 1800- 72). After a visit to EgA-pt and Palestine in 18G4 he published Eastward (I86G1. In 1867 he was sent by the General Assembly to inspect the missions in India. An account of this tour was published under the title. Peeps at the Far East (1871). He died at Glasgow, .lune 10. 1872. Consult Memoirs, by his brother. Donald Mac- Leod (London and New York, 1876). McLEOD, Xaieb Donald (1821-65). An American author, born in New York City. He studied at Columbia, and in 1845 took orders in the Protestant Episcopal Church. After preach- ing for a short time he traveled and studied in Europe, became a Roman Catholic, and on his return engaged in literary pursuits. .Subsequent- ly he was made priest, and held the chair of rhetoric and belles-lettres in Mount Saint Mary's College (Ohio). His publications include: Pynnshurst : His Wanderin(/s and W'ai/x of Think- ing (1852); Life of Sir Walter Scott (18.52); Chateau Lescure, or the Last Marquis; and two poems. The Weeder and The Saga of Viking Torquil. MACLISE, ma-kles'. Daniel (1806?-70I. An Enirlish historical painter. He was born in Cork, probably in 1806. He first studied at the Cork Academy, and in 1827 entered the schools of the Royal Academy, winning the gold medal in 1829 for his historical painting "The Choice of Her- cules." In 1830-38 appeared his well-known character sketches in Eraser's Magazine, in which he displayed great technical skill. He was suc- cessful in portrait painting, but gave it up in 1833, after the success of his two pictures, "Snap-Apple Night" and "Mokanna Unveiling His Features to Zelica." He became roval acad- emician in 1840. In 1859 Maclise went to Ber- lin to study stereochrome, to prepare for the two stereochrome paintings, the "Jleeting of Wellington and Bliicher at Waterloo," 46 feet long, and the "Death of Nelson," which engrossed much of his later vears. He died at Chelsea, April 25, 1870. The finest works of Maclise ai'e his nuiral jiaintings, which are considered by many to be the greatest historical paintings of the English school. He was a good draughtsman, but while his Jiaintings are dexterous, his color is crude, and his pictures are deficient in atmosphere. His frescoes include: "The Spirit of Justice" and "Spirit of Chivalry" (1850), House of Lords; "Marriage of Strongbow and Eva" (1854), and "Alfred in the Danish Camp," Royal Gallery, Parliament House: and "Comus," pavilion of Buckingham Palace. His easel pictures in the National Gallery, London, are "Plaj -Scene in Hamlet" (1842), "Malvolio and the Countess" ( 1840) , and a portrait of Dickens ( 1839) ; in the National Gallery, Dublin, the "JIarriage of Strongbow and Eva" and "Merry Christmas in the Baron's Hall." Among his book illustrations are tho.se for Moore's Jrish Melodies, Lytton's Pilgrims of the Rhine. Biirger's f.eonore. and a series of designs for the Story of yorman Con- guest. Consult O'Driseoll, Memoir of Daniel Maelise (London, I87I). MACLURE, m'-klrior', William (17631840). An American geologist. He was born in Soot- land, emigrated to the United States in 1782. but afterwards returned to London, and made a large fortune in the mercantile business. Again com- ing to the U'nited States in 1796, he was in 1803 sent abroad as a United States commissioner '.0 settle the French spoliation claims. During thi- visit to the Continent he studied geology, mak- ing large collections of specimens. To accom- plish his purpose of executing a complete geo- logical survey of the L'nited States, he visited nearly every State and crossed the Alleghanies fifty times. The result of his researches is found in the Observations on the Oeologt/ of the United Stales, read before the American Philosophical Society in 1809, and in a second discussion, read in 1817. With the latter he also presented the fir-t geological map of the United States. In 1819 he went to Spain, and a little later bought from the Government, then in the hands of the Revo- lutionists, a tract of land, and endeavored to found a sort of agricultural school : but on the downfall of the provisional Government the title lo his land failed, and the experiment was aban- doned. He afterwards entered upon a scheme of the same kind at New Harmony, Ind., which also was imsuccessful. In 1827 and again in 1828 he went to Mexico, where he died in 1840. His library and most of his collections of maps and charts, with the sum of .$20,000 to erect at Philadelphia a building for their reception, were betpieathed to the Academy of Natural Sciences. of which he became president in I8I7. MACLTT'REA (Neo-Lat., named in honor of William Maclure). A large flattened gastropod shell, which is a common and characteristic fossil of the lower Ordovician formations of North .merica and Great Britain. The shell, which coils to the left, has a depressed spire, the apex of which is sunken below the angular keels of the outer whorls, and its lower surface is almost
