MEROVINGIANS. 348 MERRILL. by Pepin the Short (q.v.) in 752, and gave place to that of the Caiolinf;ians(q.v. ) . (See Fbanks.) The cliief autlKirity for the earlier parts of the history of the Jlerovingians is (Jrej^ory of Tours. Consult: Thierry, Hccits des temps merovingiens (Paris, 1840) ; Kiohter, Aitnalen des friinUischen keichs (Halle, 1873) ; Sergeant, The Franks (New York. 1898). MER'RIAM, AuGlSTis Chapmax (1843-95). All iniinent classical .scholar, born at Locust tJrove, N. Y. In lSfl(! lie grailiialed with the highest honors from Columbia College, and from IStiS until his death lie was coniiecled with his alma mater as tutor, adjunct professor of Cireek, and professor of Greek arclueology and epig- raphy. He was director of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 1887-88, during which year important excavations were carried on. He died .January 19. 1895. while on a visit to Athens, and was buried there. His chief pub- lications are: The I'hwacicnis of Homer (New Y'ork, 1880) ; The drcck and Latin Inscriptions on the Obelisk Crab in Central Park (1883); The Sixth and Screnth Hooks of Herodotus (New Y'ork. 1885) : The Law Code of Gortyna in Crete (New York, 18S6). MERRIAM, Clinton Hart (1855—). An American biologist, born in New York City and educated at the Sheffield Scientific School of Y'ale (1877) and the New York College of Phy- sicians and Surgeons. He served as naturalist to the Hayden Survey in 1872; was appointed as- sistant of the United States Fish Commission in 1875. and head of the Biological Survey in 1885; and acted as one of the Hering Sea Com- missioners in 1S91 and as head of various expedi- tions. He developed the Biological Survey as a bureau of the United States Department of Agriculture and edited a long and important series of publications relating to the fauna of North America, in the classification of which he became a leading authority. Among his pub- lished works are: The Birds of Connecticut (1877); Mammals of the Adirondacks (1882- 84) ; Biological Reconnaissance of Idaho (1891) ; Geographic Distribution of Life in Xortli Antei'ica (1892); Flora and Fauna of the Death Valley Expedition (1893) ; Temperature Control of Dis- tribution of Animals and Plants (1894); and many pamphlets relating to American zoology. MERRIAM. Florence. See Bailey, Flor- EN( K .MkHIMAM. MERRIAM, Henry Clay (1837—). An American sohlier. born in I^laine. He graduated at Colby College ( Waterville. Maine) , studied law, entered the United States .rmy in 18(12 as cap- tain in the Twentieth .Maine Volunteer Infantry, resigned in 18(13. and in llio same year was ap- pointed captain in the Eightieth I'nited States colored troops. He served until the close of the Civil War from 18(13 with colored troops, was brevefted colonel of viiliintccrs for faithful and meritorious services during the caiiipaign against Mobile and its defenses, and in Hi;5 led the final attack on Fort RIakely. .Ma., with the Seventy- third United States colored infantry. In 18(1(1 he became major in the Thirty-eight li United States Infantry, in 1885 colonel of the Seventh Infantrv. and in 1897 brigadier-general. An commander of the departments of Columbia and Califnrnia in 1898 he organized and forwarded troops for the Philippines expedition. He became com- mander of the Department of Colorado in 1900,
- ind was retired in 1901. The Merriani infantry
pack was invented by him. MER'RILL. A city and the county-scat of Lincoln County, Wis., 170 miles nortliwest of Milwaukee; on botli sides of the Wisconsin River, and on the Chicago, Alilwaukee and Saint Paul Kailroad (ilap: Wisconsin, D 3). It i* laid out with broad and well-paved streets, and has the T. B, Scott Public Library occupying a line building, a commodious opera house, a large and well equipped high school, and a handsome court house. The surrounding country possesses valuable hardwood timber, and there are in Merrill very imiiortant lumber manufactories, producing sawed lumber, sliingles. laths, etc. Settled in 1875. Merrill was incorporated five years later. The government is vested in a mayor, biennially elected, and a unicameral council. Pn]iulation, in 1890, GS09; in 1900,85.37. MERRILL, Frederick James Hamilton (1861 — ), An American geologist, born in New Y'ork City. He graduated at the Columbia School ', of Mines in 1885. received his Ph.D. there five years afterwards, held a fellowship in geology at ' Columbia College (lS8ti-90), and was assistant in the New .Jersey (ieological Surve,v (1885-891. From 1890 to 1893 he was assistant geologist for Ne«- York State. He was director of the New York State Museum in 1894. and he was in charge of the New York exhibit at the Columbian Ex- position in Chicago in 1893. He was a member of numerous scientific societies, to wliose bul- letins and to other periodicals he iimlributed s])ecial articles, and in 1S9S he was madi' State (ieologist for New York. To the liullctiii of the New Yiu-k State Museum he contributed ,SV(// and (liipsuin Industries in Xew York ( 1S93) : Mineral Rcsi.urrrs of Sew York (1890) ; Road Materials and l!<„i,l lluilding in Sew York (1897). MERRILL, Georoe Perkins (1854—). An American geologist, horn at Auburn, Me. After graduating at the Maine State College ( 1879) ho was assistant in chemistry a* Wesleyan Uni- versity, Conn. (1879-80). I'n 1880 he was ap- pointed assistant curator at the National Mu- seum. Ho also served as professor of geology and niincralogv at the Corcoran Scientific School of Columbian University, Wasliington, D. (',(1893) ; anil was appointed head curator of the depart- ment of geology at the National Museum, Wash- ington, in 1897. His chief publications are: Stones for Building and Decorations, llundbooka for the Department of (Icologij, United Stnlet yational Museuyn, and a Report of the Smith- sonian Institution (1890). MERRILL, Lewis (1S34-9(>). An American soldier, boni at New Berlin. Pa. He graduated at West Point in 1855, was assigned to duty with the First Dragoons, and served in Missouri, in Kansas Territory, and with the Utah expedition. In 1801, as colonel and chief of stall' to .Tolui <". Fieliiont. he organized Merrill's Horse to oppose L'uerrillas in Missouri, and later commanded the Department of Saint Louis, and then that of Northern Missouri. In 1804 he was commander of the cavalry bureau at Saint Louis and took part in the engagements at Franklin. ]VIo. The next year he was sent against guerrillas in north- ern Georgia and .labama. and was brevetted brigadier general, .fter various Western assign- ments be was placed in command of a military
