MERRILL. 349 MERRITT. district in South tainlina with orders to break up the Ku Khix Klan I ([.v. ) . From 1S71 to 1S73 he suceeeded in tliis so well that wlien similar conditions arose in the Red River District of Louisiana he was made commander there in IS'."), remaining until the following year. MERRILL, Selaii (1837 — ). An American Congregalionalist clergyman, born in Canton Cen- tre. Conn. After studying theology at the Yale Divinity School he was ordained in 1804. During the last year of the Civil War he was chaplain of the Forty-ninth United States colored infantry, and in 18US went to Germany, where he studied two years. In 1874-77 he was in Palestine as arcliii'ologist of the American Palestine Explora- tion Society, and in 1882 became United States consul at .Jerusalem. Wliile there he made im- portant explorations and excavations to discover the second wall of Jerusalem and determine the site of Calvary. He was again consul in 1891-94, and was reappointed in 1898. He taught at An- dover Theological Seminar}- in 1872 and 1879, and became curator of the Biblical Museum there. His works include: East of flic .lonhm { 1881 and 1883 1; GaVilee in the Time of Christ (1881); Oreck Inscriptions Collected in the Years 1875-77 in the Country East of the Jordan (1883) ; and parts of I'irturesque Palestine (1882-83). MERRILL, Stephen Mason (1825—). A Methodist Episcopal bishop, born in .JefTerson County, Ohio. He entered the ministry in Ohio in 184(). was editor of the Western Christian Adroeate (1808-72), and in 1872 was elected bishop. He retired in 1904. His chief works. are: Christian Baptism (1876); Bell (1878); Second Coming of Christ (1879); Aspects of Christian Experience (1882); Methodist Laiv ( 18S.i et sec|. ) ; Mary of Nas:areth and Her Family ( lS!)."i I ; Atonement ( 1901 ) ; Sanetifieation ( 1901 ) . MERRILL, William Emery (1837-91). An American soldier and military engineer. He was horn at Fort Howard, Wis.; graduated first in his class at West Point in 18.59, and from September, 1860, to .July, 1861, was assistant professor of engineering there. In the Civil War he served as assistant engineer in the Army of the Potomac during the Peninsular campaign and in the Northern Virginia campaign; was superin- tending engineer at Newport and Covington, Ky., at the time of the threatened Confederate attack in September and October. 1862; was chief engi- neer of the forces in Kentucky from October, I8G2. to May. 1863, and of the Army of the Cuinlierland from August to September, 1863, and again from .January to June, 1805; partici- pated in the invasion of Cieorgia from jlay to June. 1S04; and from July. 1864, to September, 1805, commanded, as colonel, a regiment of 'vet- eran volunteer' engineers which was charged with the erection of defenses along the military rail- roads in Tennessee, Cieorgia, and northern Ala- bama, and at Chattanooga, Tenn. During the war he received the successive brevets of captain, major, lieutenant-colonel, and colonel for gal- lant services. In Marcli. 1867. he was raised to the regular rank of major and in February, 1883, to that of lieutenant-colonel. From 1867 to 1870 he was chief engineer on the stall' of (ieneral Sherman, then commanding the ^Military Division of the Missouri, and thereafter until his deatli he was engaged on engineering work for the Gov- ormnent. In 1889 he represented the United States Engineer Corps at the International Congress of Engineers at Paris. He iiublished: Iron Truss Bridges for Railroads (1870) and Improvement of Non-Tidal Rivers (1881). MER'RIMAC. A river of New Hampshire and .Massachusetts. It is formed by the union of the Winnipiseogee and Pemigewasset, the former being the outlet of the lake of that name, and the latter rising in the White Mountains (Map: Massachusetts, E 2). It Hows southward until it enters Massachusetts, when it turns eastward and empties into the Atlantic Ocean at Newbury- port. Its length, including the Pemigewasset, is 183 miles, and its chief importance is the water- power which it furnishes to the manufacturing cities of Lowell, Lawrence, and Manchester. MERRIMAC, The. (1) A United States frigate, sunk with other vessels when the Federal Government abandoned the Norfolk Na'j' Yard in 1861, and reconstructed as a Confederate iron- clad. She was then renamed the ^ir;/inia. After destroying the Congress and the Cumberland at Newport News on March 8, 1862, she met the Monitor in Hampton Roads on March 9, and after a contest of four hours was obliged to withdraw. She was destroyed when the Norfolk yard was evacuated by the Confederates on May II, 1802. See Hampton Road.s and Monitor. (2) A collier accompanj'ing the United States fleet investing Santiago de Cuba, in 1898. To prevent ^he escape of the Spanish fleet she was sunk at the mouth of the harbor on June 3 by Lieutenant Richmond P. Hobson, who, after ac- complishing his perilous feat, was captured by the Spaniards and held prisoner until July 6. MER'RIMAN, Henry Seton. The pseudo- nym of the English novelist Hugh S. Scott (q.v. ) . MERRIMAN, Mansfield (184,8—). An American civil engineer, born at Southington. Conn. He graduated at the Shellield Scientific School of Y'ale University in 1871. was assistant in the United States Corps of Engineers in 1872- 73, and instructor in civil engineering at the Sheffield School from 1875 to 1878. In 1878 he was appointed professor of civil engineering in Lehigh University. From 1880 to 1885 he was also assistant on the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. His researches in connection with hydraulics, bridges, strength of materials, and pure mathematics are important. His chief publications, widely used as standard text-books, are: Method of Least Sguares (1884; 8th ed. 1901); Mechanics of Materials (1885; 9th ed. 1902); Treatise on Hydraulics (8th ed. 1903). MER'RITT, We.sley (1830 — ). An American soldier, jirominent in the Civil War and the Spanish-American War. He was born in New Y'ork City, graduated at West Point in I860, was assigned as second lieutenant of the Second Dragoons in .January, 1801, acted as aide-de- camp to General Cooke from February to Sep- tember, 1862. and in April, 1862, was i)romoted to be captain. He participated in Stoneuurn's famous raid toward Richmond in April-May, 1863; commanded the reserve cavalry brigade of the Army of the Potomac in the battle of Gettysburg and in the Richmond campaign from April to August. 1864; and commanded a cavalry division in the Shenandoah Valley cami)aign under Sheridan from August. 1864. to March. 1805, and in the final Richmond campaign of
