METHODISM. 389 METHYL. of late separations; McTycire (Nashville, 1884) ; Hyde (New York, 18S7); Histories of Meth- odist J-^jjisto/xil Church, by Bangs (New- York, I80U-4I): Stevens (New York, 18U4-U7: eupp. vol. 1899) ; and Buckley (New York, 189li) ; Basset, History of the Methodist Protes- tant Church ( Pittsbnrg, 1878 ; 3il ed., rev. and enl., 1887) : Atkinson. Centennial Ui»torij of Amei-C- can Methodism (New Y'ork, 1884) ; Tigert, Con- stitutional History of American Episcopal Metho- dism (Nashville, 1894) ; Drinkhousc, History of Methodist Heform (Baltimore, 1900) ; At- kinson, licginnings of ^Vesleyan Movement in America (New York, 1890). Special topics: Matlaok, Anti-Hlavery Struggle and Triumph in the Methodist Episcopal Church (New Y'ork, 1881); Slater, Methodism in the Light of the Early Church (London, 1885) ; Ciiinniings, Early Schools of Methodism (New Y'ork, 1880) ; Green, Mission of Methodism (London, 1890) ; Neely, Evolution of Episcopacy and Organic Methodis^n (New Y'ork, 1888) ; and Governing Conference of Methodism (New Y'ork, 1892) ; Stephens, Wesley and Episcopacy (Pittsburg, 1892) ; Crooks, Life of Bishop .Simpson (New York, 1890) ; Lanahan, Era of Frauds in the Methodis^t Book Concern, A'eti' York (Baltimore, 189ff) ; Tigert, The Mak- ing of Methodism (Nashville, 1898) ; Oliver, Our Lay Office Bearers (Cincinnati, 1902). METHODIST CHURCH, Free. See Meth- OUI.SM. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. See Metiioiiism. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, SoiTii. See ilETiiooi.s^r. METHODIST NEW CONNECTION. See JIetiiow.sm. METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH. See Metiioiiism. METHO'DIUS (also called Eubulius) ( ?- C.311). A noted Greek theologian of the third century, a martyr and Church father. He was Bishop of Olympus in Lycia and perhaps of Tyre. He was a contemporary of Porphyry and suffered martyrdom about 311. Epiphanius calls him "a very learned man. and a strenuous assertcr of the truth." He vigorously opposed Origen. Of his numerous works, which are mostly dialogues, several exist complete either in Greek or Syriac, the must important being the l}<in(/urt, a Chris- tian cciuiitcrpart to Plato's iSymiiosiinn. II is in Migne. I'alrol. dneca. xviii.. and has been edited by Honwetsch (Leipzig, 1801) ; there is an Eng- lish translation in the Ante-Nicene Fathers (V..I. vi.). METHODIUS. The apostle to the Slavs. See CyRH, AXLl !METiiooirs. METHOD OF CHARACTERISTICS. See ClIARAtTERlSTIC. METHOD OF DIFFERENCE (in logic). See IxiircTiox. METHUEN, me-thu'en. . town in Essex Comty. ^lass.. two miles north of Lawrence, on the Spicket River, and on the Boston and Maine Railroad (Map: Massachusetts. E 2). It has the Kevins Memorial Library; and there are manu- factures of cotton and woolen goods, knit goods, worsted goods, yarns, baskets, bells, organs, and hats. The government is administered by town meetings. First settled about 1641, Methuen was part of Haverhill until 1725, when it was in- corporated as a separate town. Population, iu 1890, 4814; in 1900, 7512. METHUEN, me-tfm', Paul Sanfobd Me- thuen, Baron ( 1S4.5 — ) . An English general, born at Corsham Court, Wiltshire, and educated at Eton. He entered the army in 1804 as lieutenant of the Scots Guards; served in the second cam- paign of the Ashanti War in 1874, and after tour years as attache in Berlin bi^came assistant quar- termaster-general for the Home District in 1881. In the Egyptian War (1882) he was staff otlicer and quartermaster-general, and in Bcchuanaland in 1884-85 he won a C.M.G. From 1892 to 1897 he was commander of the Home District, and on the outbreak of the Boer War was |nit at the head of the first of Buller's three divisions, to relieve Kimberley. He was entirely unsuccess- ful in this attempt, being severely cheeked and wounded at Modder River, anil, a week after, November 30, 1899, losing in a frontal attack on Magersfontein nearly 1000 men. He retired to Modder River, and did nothing further to hinder Cronje's works. Methuen, together with Hunter, formed the left in Lord Roberts's victorious movement on Pretoria in May and .Tunc. 1900. In March, 1902, lie was captured by 1) ■ I- Rey and Kemp on the way from Vryburg to l>ichtenburg. The troops were almost inunediatcly released, and with them Lord ^Methuen, who had been wounded in the brief engagement. METHUEN TREATY. A treaty concluded May 10, 1703, between England and Portugal. Soon after the outbreak of the War of the Span- ish Succession Portugal agreed to support Eng- land against France, and hence a formal treaty was negotiated by Sir Paul Methneii, the English Ambassador at Lisbon. Politically this treaty had the effect of making Portugal the devoted political adherent of England for more than a century. In its commercial aspects the treaty is almost still more interesting. The wines of Portugal were to be admitted into England u])on tlie payment of a duty 33V2 per cent, less than tlie duty paid upon French wines. For this England received proportionate advantages. The result was that for generations the English gen- try were addicted to the drinking of port, the Portuguese wine. METHU'SELAH. According to Gen. v. 21- 27. son of Enoch and one of the descendants of Seth, who attained to the age of 969 years and hence has become known as the 'oldest man who ever lived.' The list of ten antediluvian jiatri- archs in the fifth chapter of Genesis is thought by modern scholars to have some relationship to the legendary list of ten dynasties who ruled Babylonia before the flood and which Bcrosus embodied in his Babyhinian history. The name Methuselah is composed of two elements. Melhu (= Babylonian mutu). 'man.' and Shi-lah, prob- ably the name of a deity: though in regard to all the names in Gen. v., we cannot be certain that the traditional forms liave been correctly pre- ser-ed. Consult Zimmern. Keilinsehriften und das alte Testament, pp. 535-543 (Berlin. 1902). METHY. The burbot (q.v.). METHYL (from Gk. fiidv, methy. mead + 6X77, hyle, wood), CH,. The simplest monovalent radicle found in carbon compounds. Like any other radicle, it is a group of atoms that can- not exist independently, and that remains unde-
