MORGAN. 800 MORGAN. Mexican War Morgan became first lieutenant of Colonel Marshall's Kentucky regiment of cavalry, but saw little active service. Though he had a prosperous manufacturing business, in 1801 he abandoned it and escaped to the Confederate lines with about two hundred men and the guns of the militia company of which he was captain. At first he did irregular duty, chiefly scouting, but was later made captain and placed in com- mand of three companies of cavalry called Mor- gan's Squadron. With these he did duty in Kentucky and Tennessee, and to some extent in Alabama. He organized the Second Cavalry at Chattanooga, in April, 1802, becoming colonel. During the summer he served with General Bragg in Tennessee, and captured Lexington, Ky. His success in daring and unexpected raids was so great that he was placed in charge of a cavalry brigade, and after promotion to briga- dier-general made the "Christmas Raid' into Kentucky, for which he was thanked by the Confederate Congress. In .June. 18563, he was ordered to attempt to draw off Rosecrans from Tennessee by an expedition into Kentucky. He exceeded his orders, and with about 2.500 men crossed the Ohio River into Indiana and swept around Cincinnati, closely pursued by Generals Hobson and Shackelforcl. and opposed every- where by the militia. A sudden rise in the Ohio River allowed gunboats to reach Bullington Isl- and and prevented him from recrossing the river. Here about 700 of his men were taken prisoners, two companies succeeded in crossing the river, and he with the remainder set out toward the Pennsylvania border to join General Lee. After an exciting chase he was captured, and was after- wards confined in the Ohio State Prison at Columbus. On November 27th. with a few com- panions, he escaped, and reached the Confed- erate lines in safety. In January. 1864. he was authorized to reorganize his cavalry, and was assigned to the Department of Southwest Vir- ginia. When relieved he resumed his inde- pendent command, and captured Mount Sterling and Cynthiana in Kentucky in .Tine. but was badly defeated by General Burbridge. On Sep- tember 4th. in Greenville, Tenn., be was be- trayed by an inmate of the house in which he was sleeping, and was shot while attempting to escape. General Morgan cared little for formal military tactics; but in ability to strike silently and unexpectedly and escape before an alarm could be raised, be has been excelled by few lead- ers of cavalry. While he destroyed public prop- erty, burned bridges, and usually took the best horses in the country, the outrages committed by him have been much exaggerated. Consult: Duke, History of Morgan's Cvalry (Cincinnati 1867), and Johnson and Buel (eds.). The Battles and Leaders of the Civil War (New York, 1887).
MORGAN, John Pierpont (1837—). An American banker and financier, the son of J. S. Morgan (q.v.), a well-known banker. He was born at Hartford, Conn., and was educated at the English High School, Boston, and at the Univer- sity of Güttingen, Germany. In 1857 he returned to America, and entered the banking house of Duncan. Sherman & Co., in New York City. In 1860 he became an American agent for George Peabody & Co., of London, and in 1864 became a partner in the firm of Dabney, Morgan & Co., dealers in investment securities. In 1871 he entered as a partner the banking firm of Drexel, Morgan & Co., which later was changed to the firm of J. P. Morgan & Co. Shortly after the organization of the Peabody Educational Fund he was chosen treasurer and financial adviser of the trustees. As a financier he signalized himself particularly in the line of reorganization and combination. The United States Steel Cor- poration, the Northern Securities Company, and the Atlantic shipping combination are examples of his genius in that direction. In 1871 he or- ganized the syndicate that took up the United States bonds issued to increase the gold reserve. He made munificent gifts to hospitals and other institutions in New York City, and to the Har- vard Medical School.
MORGAN, .John Tyleb (1824—). An Ameri- can politician born at Athens, Tenn. He was educated in Alabama, whither he removed with his parents in 1833. There be studied law. and in 1845 was admitted to the bar. He early won wide repute as a lawyer and campaign speaker, and in 1801 was a delegate from Dallas County to the Alabama State Convention which passed the ordinance of secession, and in May of the same year he enlisted as a private in the Fifth Alabama Infantry, of which he ultimately be- came lieutenant-colonel. In 1802 he recruited the Fifty-first Alabama Regiment and became its colonel. In the next year he was promoted to be brigadier-general, and in this capacity served with considerable distinction. After the war he resumed his law practice at Selma. Ala., and again entered politics in 1870 as an elector- at-large on the Tilden ticket. In 1877 he was elected to the United States Senate, of which body he remained a member, receiving his fifth reelection in November, 1900. For many years one of the leaders of the Democratic Party in the debates in the Upper House of Congress, he showed himself particularly interested in foreign relations, and served for some time as chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs. He was a vigorous and persislent advocate of the Nicaraguan canal route in preference to the route across Panama.
MORGAN, Junius Spenser (1813–90). An American financier, born at Holyoke, Mass.; father of John Pierpont Morgan. After some years in the dry-goods business he became, in 1854. a partner in the English firm of George Peabody & Co. Ten years later he succeeded Peabody as head of the firm, and changed its name to J. S. Morgan & Co. Under his direction it became one of the leading banking houses of the world. Morgan left a fortune of nearly .$10, 000,000. He was a munificent church member, and donated largely to Trinity College.
MORGAN, Lady (Sydney Owenson) (?1783–1859). A novelist, daughter of Robert Owen- son, a theatrical manager, and of his wife, Jane Mill. She was born in Dublin, on Christ- mas Day, 1785. if we are to believe her. Croker mischievoisly alleged that she was born on the Dublin packet in 1775. For a while she mingled with theatrical people, or with the variegated society frequented by her father in Dublin. Her father's affairs becoming involved. the clever girl resolved to support the family. first as governess and then as author. In 1812 she married Thomas Charles Morgan, a distin- guished surgeon, who was knighted on the occa-
