MORGAN. 801 MORGAN. sion. Though the iiuiyans lived for tlie most part in Dublin, they made two Continental tours, and often visited London, where they settled iu 1S39. For her services to literature a Govern- ment pension was granted to Lady Morgan in 18:!7. She died April 14, lSo',1. Throughout her life Lady Morgan was widely known in society for her wit and her atlectations. Her works, com- prising novels, comic operas, travels, and biog- raphies, were savagely attacked by the reviewers, but they brought her al>oul ii-i.j.OOO: They were indeed ephemeral. Among her novels are: i^ahit Clair, or tlif Heiress of Desmond (1804), a sorry imitation of Goethe's Sorroics of Werlhcr: The Wild Irish Girl, a silly rhapsodical book not without descriptive power (18()(i) ; Florence M'Carthy (1810); and The O'Briens mid the O'Flnherties (1827). Of lier travels. France (1817) was much read and criticised. Her main right to consideration is that she wrote Englisli words for Irish melodies, an example soon followed to their great advantage by Thomas Moore and Stevenson. Consult : Fitzpatrick, Ladi/ Morgan (London, 1S60), and Memoirs of Lady Morijan (an autobiography), edited by Dixon (London, 1862). MORGAN, Lewis Henry (1818-81). An American ethnologist, horn near Aurora. X. Y., Kovember 21, 1818. He was graduated from Union College, New York, in 1840, and after a course in law, completed in 1844, he formed a Buccessful partnership with his classmate, after- wards Judge George F. Danforth. in tlie city of Rochester. No 'sooner had he left college than he organized a society of young men in Aurora to be styled 'The Grand Order of the Iroquois.' The limits of the Grand Order were to be the ter- ritory anciently occupied by the Iroquois, and branch societies were to be established wherever an Iroquois tribe was known to have lived, with chapters standing for the Indian gentes. To show his profound interest in the organization, young Morgan went and lived among the e.xisting triVies, in order to master their social organizations and forms of government. Morgan's scientific inter- ests assumed a moA substantial form in the now celebrated work. The League of the Iroquois (18.51), in which the author, unconscious of the immense diffusion of the system, traced the social organization, government, daily occupations, and customs of this wonderful league. During this early period Morgan also studied and dcscrilx'd the Iroquois art products and imidements of daily life in the cabinet of natural history in Albany. In 1856 Morgan made the acquaintance of Henry and Agassiz, who warmly urged him to continue his studies. In 1858, during a visit to ^Marquette on business, Slorgan discovered, in visiting a camp of Ojibwa, that their system of kinship, list of gentes. and gentile organization were essentially the same as aiiKnig llic Iroquois. This was the revelation that determined ^(organ's enduring fame. In 1860 the Smithsonian Insti- tution published the result of eight years' un- interrupted research, travel, and correspondence, his figstem of Consanguinitg and Ajfinilij of the Human Family, a work essential to all studies on primitive sociology. His .( neient Society (1877) was a comprehensive and philosophical work, the result of twenty years' pirsuit of a imique and engrossing inquiry. The author in this work divides on certain elassific concepts the progress of culture into seven stages — Lower Savagely, .Middle Savagery, L'pper Savagery, Lower Barbarism, Middle Barbarism, Upper Barbarisiii. and Civilization. MORGAN, >f.TTlIEW SOMERVILLE (1839-90). An American artist, born in London, England. He was originally a scene painter, but afterwards became artist and corresi)ondent for the Illus- trated London Xea-s, and subseciueutly editor and proprietor of the Tomahawk. Many of his best comic drawings were done for this journal. Jlor- gan, Burnand, Gilbert, and others founded Fun, to which Morgan contributed a number of car- toons on the American Civil War. Meanwhile he had not given up his theatrical interests, and after he came to this country in 1870, as special artist for Frank Leslie, the publisher, he was theatrical manager in New York City for several years. He also managed a lithograph concern in Cincinnati (1880-85), and while in that city established the Matt ilorgan Pottery Company, and formed the Art Students' League. He re- moved to Xew York City in 1888. MORGAN, Thom.s Hunt (1866—). An American embryologist, horn in Lexington, Ky. He graduated at the State College of Kentucky in 188G, received his Ph.D. degree at Johns Hop- kins in 1891, and was Bruce fellow there in 1891-92. In 1892 he was appointed professor of biology at Bryu Mawr. His work includes highly important researches in the field of embryology and regeneration, published in vari- ous monographs, and in such books as The De- velopment of the Frog's Egg (1897) and lie- generation (1901). MORGAN, William (c.l775-c.l82C). An American Mason, whose disappearance under pe- culiar circumstances in 1820 caused the organi- zation of the Anti-Masonie Party. He was born probably in Culpeper Count.v, Va., and is said to have served xnider General Jackson in the defense of Xew Orleans, and afterwards settled in York, Upper Canada, removing thence to Batavia, X. Y. In 1826, shortly after news had spread abroad that he intended, in conjunction with one David C. Miller, to publish a hook exposing the secrets of Freemasonry, he suddenly disappeared, and, despite much search, was never seen again. It was charged that he had been kidnapped and murdered by Masons, but whether this was true is not known certainly to tliis day. He was traced with some degree of certainty to Fort Xiagara, whither he was said to have heen con- veyed by IMasons in a closed carriage and where he was said to have been imprisoned for a time. It was alleged that, refusing to withdraw his book or to give an oath of secrecy, ^Morgan was finally drowned by his abductors in Lake On- tario. A body found near Fort Xiagara was for some time supposed to be his. hut was later shown to be that of another man. It was in reference to this body that Thurlow Weed, recog- nizing the political value of the anti-Masonic excitement, remarked that it was "a good enough Morgan until after election" — a phrase which has since been frequently used in American politics. Jlorgan's disap])earanco caused pro- found excitement throughout the Xorth. and re- sulted ih the formation of an Anti-Masonic Party. Morgan's hook, Illustrations of Free- masonry, by One of the Fraternity Who Has Devoted Thirty Tears to the Subject, was pub-
